Introduction. Worldwide, surveys have shown that the frequency of chromosomal disorders among births with congenital anomalies varies greatly from country to country. It is well known that chromosomal disorders are an important cause of premature death or life-long disability; however, the absence of local epidemiological data on their birth prevalence and outcomes impedes policy and service development in many countries and continents. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis intend to show the pooled proportion of chromosomal disorders among births with congenital anomalies in Africa. Methods. From PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the studies that examined the incidence, prevalence, and types of chromosomal disorders using PRISMA guidelines. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled proportion of chromosomal disorders among births with congenital anomalies. Results. From the total of 3,569 studies identified, 1,442 were from PubMed, 108 were from Cochrane Library, 1,830 were from Google Scholar, and 189 were from other sources. After duplication was removed, a total of 844 articles remained (2725 were removed by duplication). Finally, 144 full-text studies were reviewed and 60 articles with 52,569 births having congenital anomalies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for this meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of chromosomal disorders among births with congenital anomalies was 8.94% (95% CI; 7.02, 10.86; I2 = 98.8%; p < 0.001 ). Conclusions and Future Implications. In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, the pooled proportion of chromosomal disorders among births with congenital anomalies in Africa was small. Down syndrome (trisomy 21) accounted for more than 80% of chromosomal disorders. The pooled proportion of chromosome disorders was the highest in North African regions and countries compared to other regions of the continent. Healthcare managers should focus on establishing proper cytogenetic diagnostic facilities in collaboration with well-trained genetic counseling services in the continent.
Introduction. Worldwide, specifically in developing countries, women believe that a woman cannot become pregnant unless she sees her first postpartum menstruation. Due to this knowledge gap, most women did not use any contraceptives till their 1st postpartum menstruation. Hence, about 44% of women were susceptible to unintended pregnancy in the postpartum period. Assessing women knowledge on possibility of pregnancy after giving birth but before returning of menses and its associated factors will help to increase women’s recognition on the issue and for early commencement of appropriate postpartum family planning methods to reduce burden of unintended pregnancy. Objective. To assess the level of knowledge on possibility of pregnancy after giving birth but before returning of menses and its associated factors among reproductive women in Ethiopia. Methods. A secondary data analysis using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey was employed. Samples were selected using two-stage stratified sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were used. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval was used to interpret associations, and a significant association was declared at a p value of <0.05. Result. A total of 15,683 reproductive women aged from 15 to 49 years were included. Of them, about 53% did not know that a woman can get pregnant after giving birth but before resumption of her menstruation. Age being 35 years and above ( AOR = 1.50 ; 95 % CI = 1.34 , 1.67), educational status of secondary and above ( AOR = 1.18 ; 95 % CI = 1.06 , 1.32), being ever married ( AOR = 1.67 ; 95 % CI = 1.47 , 1.89), knowledge of any family planning method ( AOR = 1.81 ; 95 % CI = 1.52 , 2.16), getting counseling on family planning methods ( AOR = 1.41 ; 95 % CI = 1.28 , 1.55), and being knowledgeable on their ovulatory cycle ( AOR = 1.68 ; 95 % CI = 1.55 , 1.82) were found to be significantly associated with being knowledgeable on the issue. Conclusion. Reproductive women’s level of knowledge on the possibility of pregnancy after giving birth but before returning of menses was low. Factors associated with being knowledgeable on the issue were identified. Therefore, strategies should be developed to increase their level of knowledge for reducing unintended pregnancy and its complications by integrating family planning counseling with infant immunization services.
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