Nanomaterials with disordered, ramified structure are increasingly being used for applications where low cost and enhanced performance are desired. A particular example is the use in printed electronics of inorganic conducting and semiconducting nanoparticles. The electrical, as well as other physical properties depend on the arrangement and connectivity of the particles in such aggregate systems. Quantification of aggregate structure and development of structure/property relationships is difficult and progress in the application of these materials in electronics has mainly been empirical. In this paper, a scaling model is used to parameterize the structure of printed electronic layers. This model has chiefly been applied to polymers but surprisingly it shows applicability to these nanolayers. Disordered structures of silicon nanoparticles forming aggregates are investigated using small angle x-ray scattering coupled with the scaling model. It is expected that predictions using these structural parameters can be made for electrical properties. The approach may have wide use in understanding and designing nano-aggregates for electronic devices.
The size distribution and morphology of silicon nanoparticles have been studied using small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy. Quantitative agreement was established between the results of the two methods. The surface characteristics, as well as the size distribution, were found to be independent of the choice of binder material used to prepare printed layers containing the nanoparticles. Intrinsic silicon nanoparticles, produced by laser pyrolysis of silane, have been shown to have a narrow, effectively monodisperse, size distribution and to be roughly spherical in shape. SAXS measurements indicate that the particles have a regular geometry and a smooth surface. There is, however, a thin disordered region at the surface of the particles. Particles produced by milling of bulk silicon have surface fractal characteristics and a high dispersivity resulting from the milling process, in which the particles become smoother as they are milled to smaller size or for longer periods. The size dispersion, but not the median size, is similarly reduced by milling for longer periods
In this study, iron doped ZnO nanomaterial was synthesized by co-precipitation method and its surface properties were studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The characterization results confirmed that the synthesized Fe-ZnO nanoparticle exhibits good crystalline nature possessing wurtzite hexagonal phase and good optical properties. The synthesized Fe-ZnO nanomaterial modified glassy carbon electrode (Fe-ZnO/GCE) was used for the electrochemical determination of endrin pesticide in fruit juice samples. Compared to the bare glassy carbon electrode, the modified electrode, Fe-ZnO/GCE, showed remarkable electro-catalytic properties and an enhanced sensitivity for the determination of target analyte. It also exhibited a good linear response to endrin in the concentration ranging from 0.1 to 70 µM. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method were 0.019 µM and 0.065 µM, respectively. Moreover, Fe-ZnO/GCE was selective for endrin analysis. It has also showed long-term stability, good repeatability and within-lab reproducibility. The practical utility of Fe-ZnO/GCE was applied for the determination of endrin in mango and orange juice samples. The relative recoveries of the real samples were ranged from 91.4-106.5%. The developed method could be used as good candidate for monitoring of endrin pesticides in food samples and other similar matrixes.
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