A cross sectional investigation was conducted on the major causes of kids' mortality in Adami Tulu Jiddo Kombolcha district from May 2009 to June 2010 to determine the mortality rate and to identify the potential causes of kids' mortality in Arsi-Bale kids. A combination of multistage and purposive sampling techniques was used to select the study areas while simple random sampling was adopted to select experimental goats. The result revealed that from a total of 536 kids born over 12 months period about 22.4% (n=120) kids were died. Internal parasite assessment was conducted to see the infection level of parasites infection both on adult and kids of Arsi-Bale goats. Accordingly fecal sample was directly collected from the rectum of the experimental animal and its result showed that from a total of 39 adults and 158 kids fecal sample collected 59.6% ( n=118) was positive and 40.4% (n=80) was negative. The types of internal parasites mostly observed on goats of the study sites were identified as Strongly (90.5%), Monesia (23.3%), Coccidian (8.6%), Fasciola (1.7%) and Ascaris (0.9%). From the positive fecal samples, 51.5% (n=61) is highly infected, 19.5. %( n=23) moderately infected and 28.8 % (n= 34) had low infestation. Diarrhea, diseases and/or internal parasites were responsible for death of kids. Therefore, systematic control of internal parasites and diseases and periodic vaccination of goats against the identified diseases should be in place to improve productivity of goats for economic return.
The study was done at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center (ATARC) to investigate the effect of different dietary ration on growth performance of crossbred male calves and to identify the most economical feeding dietary ration. Three dietary treatments rations (treatment one=65% wheat bran+ 35% Cotton seed cake, treatment two=50% wheat bran + 49% Noug cake and treatment three=20% Maize grain + 45% wheat bran + 35% Noug seed cakes) were evaluated. Complete Randomized Block Design was used to assign eighteen cross bred male calves randomly to three dietary rations. All experimental calves were supplemented dietary rations based on their body weight at the rate of 2.5% of their live body weight throughout the experimental period. The results indicated that there were significant difference in average daily weight gain and total weight gain between crossbred male calves fed with dietary T1 and T3. Calves fed with dietary ration T1 and T2 numerically difference in final body weight, even though not statistically significant. Partial budget analysis indicated that there was no significant difference among calves fed with three dietary feed rations. But cross bred male calves fed with dietary treatment T2 was numerically higher in gross margin as compared to T1 and T3 rations. Further evaluation of different dietary rations on growth performance of yearling age (1-1.5 years old) cross bred bull calves were warranted to attain export market live weight at early age.
Analysis of factors affecting milk value chain in smallholder dairy farmers was conducted in Ada'a district to strength the position of smallholder dairy farmers in milk value chain. Purposive and simple random sampling was employed as sampling techniques to select 100 smallholder dairy farmers 50 from urban area and 50 farmers from rural area to collect the required information. The data was collected through semi-structured questionnaire survey and analysed by using appropriate Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software. Value chain mapping was used to show both qualitative and quality data collected during the filed study period. Different factors affecting milk value chain in smallholder dairy farmers were identified. Among these factors reduction in volume of milk produced, high cost of different inputs (animal feeds, improved breeds), high barging power of trader, weak relationship of dairy cooperative with its members, long fasting period of Ethiopia Orthodox Church are identified as the major factors affecting milk value chain in smallholder dairy farmers. Out of the total interviewed farmers in the urban area about 50% of the respondents produced 10.5 L of milk per day per cow from cross breed cow. On the other hand, smallholder dairy farmers live in the rural area only produce 2.6 L of milk per day per cow from local cow. Hence, to improve the position of small holder dairy farmers in milk value chain there should be strong relationship between dairy cooperative and smallholder farmers inorder to get economic benefit and to secure market access from dairy cooperative.
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