The Canal del Dique, located on the Colombian Caribbean Coast, can be seen as an "artificial" branch of the River Magdalena. Since its inception in 1650, it has undergone a series of interventions aimed at optimising river navigation between Cartagena and the interior of the country, little consideration having been paid to institutional, economic, social and environmental impacts. This paper presents a systemic assessment of environmental impact (SAEI) methodology, based on systemic parameterisation of the environment, proposed by Vega [2011], for the strategic environmental assessment of policy, plans, programmes or large-scale projects, considering a case study of the Canal del Dique environmental rehabilitation as proposed by the Colombian government. Information arising from the framework of an inter-administrative agreement between the Universidad Nacional de Colombia and the Regional Autonomous Corporation for the Rio Grande de la Magdalena (CORMAGDALENA) was used for studying the environmental restoration of and navigation in the Canal del Dique [UN-LEH, 2008]. The authors developed and summarised SAEI regarding six alternatives for hydrosedimentological management in the canal to obtain results concerning environmental impairment or improvement regarding each factor considered, and the degree of aggressiveness or betterment involved in each alternative. Alternative 4, an enhanced version of current condition (ECC) would have produced the greatest environmental benefit (i.e. limited dredging plus optimising channel-wetland interconnection) requiring the narrowing of three straight reaches along the canal and the construction of a sluice-gate system in the Strait of Paracuica (near the town of El Recreo).
This article provides some strategies for teachers to deal with large classes having into account that this is a very common situation in different educational levels. Some teaching methods that have been used to make significant progress in the learning and teaching process are presented here, with the aim of getting more efficient and effective educational environment. Under these circumstances, teachers need to assure that they provide an interactive learning environment to their students. Finally, a lesson plan example for a mathematics class considering all these aspects is presented at the end of this paper.
RESUMENDesde la antigüedad, el dibujo se ha utilizado para expresar las ideas artísticas y científicas creadas en el cerebro humano. Aunque la realización de planos y bosquejos -también conocido como dibujo técnico hecho a mano-es un tema tradicional que se enseña en las universidades para programas de ingeniería y arquitectura, las tendencias actuales tienden a reemplazarla por software de dibujo asistido por computador. Aunque las nuevas tecnologías, en particular las TIC (tecnologías de la información y la comunicación) apoyan con una gran cantidad de ventajas el proceso de aprendizaje, el dibujo a mano alzada también proporciona a los estudiantes habilidades muy poderosas que serán del mayor provecho en su formación y su vida laboral. A lo largo de los siguientes párrafos, el autor presenta una breve revisión sobre la relación existente entre dibujo y ciencia, así como el importante papel que juega el dibujo a mano alzada en los tiempos actuales. P P P P Palabras clave alabras clave alabras clave alabras clave alabras clave. Dibujo técnico; Bosquejo; CAD; Aprendizaje significativo; TICs; educación.
RESUMENCon miras a realizar un análisis de confiabilidad de asentamientos de un cimiento superficial, emplazado en un estrato de suelo de compresibilidad variable en la ciudad de Bogotá, se determinó una función de comportamiento que finalmente depende de cuatro variables consideradas como aleatorias. La información estadística requerida para tal propósito, proviene de otras investigaciones sobre las propiedades de compresibilidad del terreno en esta ciudad. Con tres diferentes modelos de simulación se evalúa el promedio y el coeficiente de variación del asentamiento esperado por consolidación, y se compara la respuesta de los modelos con la variabilidad de los datos de entrada. Asimismo, es posible realizar conjeturas sobre la distribución de probabilidad que mejor se ajusta a los resultados obtenidos. Por último, en una hoja de cálculo de Excel, se crea una rutina para efectuar este tipo de análisis con otras configuraciones de carga y geometría del cimiento. A partir de estas consideraciones, se calcula la probabilidad de falla para los asentamientos esperados. P P P P Palabras clave: alabras clave: alabras clave: alabras clave: alabras clave: asentamientos, consolidación, confiabilidad, Taylor, estimativos Ppuntuales, Monte Carlo. ABSTRACTIn order to perform a reliability analysis in settlements of an isolated footing founded on a soil layer with variable compressibility in Bogota City, a four-dependent variables performance function was defined. Statistical data demanded for that purpose, come from other research about soil deformability properties in this town. Mean and coefficient of variation of expected consolidation settlement were assessed through three several models and the results are compared to variability of input data. At the same time, conjectures on the best fit for the probability density function can be done. Finally, in an Excel spreadsheet, a routine for realizing this sort of analysis with different load and geometry setup was designed. From these considerations, the probability of failure for the expected settlement is calculated. K K K
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