Weight loss and loss of feeling of hunger after 1 year and 3 years are better after SG than GB. GERD is more frequent at 1 year after SG and at 3 years after GB. The number of re-operations is important in both groups, but the severity of complications appears higher in SG.

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Objectives/Hypothesis To develop and validate the Reflux Symptom Score (RSS), a self‐administered patient‐reported outcome questionnaire for patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). Study Design Prospective controlled study. Methods A total of 113 patients with LPR were enrolled and treated with diet and 3 months of pantoprazole, alginate, and/or magaldrate depending on the LPR characteristics (acid, nonacid, or mixed). Eighty asymptomatic individuals completed the study. Patients and controls completed the RSS twice within a 7‐day period to assess test‐retest reliability. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's α for the RSS items in patients and controls. Validity was assessed by comparing the baseline RSS with the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) and Voice Handicap Index (VHI). Seventy‐seven patients completed the RSS at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment to assess responsiveness to change. The RSS cutoff for determining the presence and absence of LPR was examined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results Test‐retest reliability (rs = 0.921) and internal consistency reliability (α = 0.969) were high. RSS exhibited high external validity indicated by a significant correlation with the RSI (rs = 0.831). Internal validity was excellent based on the higher RSS in patients compared with controls (P = .001). RSS, RSI, and VHI scores significantly improved from pre‐ to posttreatment, indicating a high responsiveness to change. RSS >13 can be considered suggestive of LPR‐related symptoms. RSS was not influenced by the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, LPR subtypes, or patient characteristics. Conclusions RSS is a self‐administered patient‐reported outcome questionnaire that demonstrates high reliability and excellent criterion‐based validity. RSS can be used in diagnosing and monitoring LPR disease. Level of Evidence 3b Laryngoscope, 130:E98–E107, 2020

In LSG, buttressing the staple line with Gore Seamguard statistically reduces blood loss during stomach sectioning as well as overall blood loss. No staple line reinforcement statistically decreases the time to perform stomach sectioning and the total operative time. No significant difference is evidenced in terms of postoperative leak between the three techniques of LSG.

Background Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) can be performed either as isolated (ISG), or with the malabsorptive procedure of duodenal switch (SG/DS). Among the postoperative complications, stenosis of the SG is relatively rare and only scarcely mentioned in literature. We report our experience in nine patients presenting a long stenosis, not eligible for endoscopic balloon dilation, and treated by laparoscopic seromyotomy after ISG or SG/DS.

Objectives/Hypothesis To investigate the profile of patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) at hypopharyngeal–esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH (HEMII‐pH) monitoring and the relationship between hypopharyngeal‐proximal reflux episodes (HREs) and saliva pepsin concentration. Study Design Prospective non‐controlled. Methods Patients were recruited from three European hospitals from January 2018 to October 2019. Patients benefited from HEMII‐pH monitoring and saliva collections to measure saliva pepsin concentration in the same time. Saliva pepsin concentration was measured in the morning (fasting), after lunch, and after dinner. The LPR profile of patients was studied through a breakdown of the HEMII‐pH findings over the 24 hours of testing. The relationship between the concentrations of saliva pepsin and 24‐hour HREs was studied through linear multiple regression. Results One hundred twenty‐six patients completed the study. The HEMII‐pH analyses revealed that 73.99% of HREs occurred outside 1‐hour postmeal times, whereas 20.49% and 5.52% of HREs occurred during the 1‐hour postmeal and nighttime, respectively. Seventy‐four patients (58.73%) did not have nighttime HREs. Patients with both daytime and nighttime HREs had more severe HEMII‐pH parameters and reflux symptom score compared with patients with only daytime HREs. There were no significant associations between HREs and saliva pepsin concentration. Conclusions Unlike gastroesophageal reflux disease, HREs occur less frequently after meals and nighttime. The analysis of the HEMII‐pH profile of the LPR patients has to be considered to develop future personalized therapeutic strategies. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 131:268–276, 2021

BackgroundLaparoscopic surgery changed the management of numerous surgical conditions. It was associated with many advantages over open surgery, such as decreased postoperative pain, faster recovery, shorter hospital stay and excellent cosmesis. Since two decades single-incision endoscopic surgery (SIES) was introduced to the surgical community. SIES could possibly result in even better postoperative outcomes than multi-port laparoscopic surgery, especially concerning cosmetic outcomes and pain. However, the single-incision surgical procedure is associated with quite some challenges.MethodsAn expert panel of surgeons has been selected and invited to participate in the preparation of the material for a consensus meeting on the topic SIES, which was held during the EAES congress in Frankfurt, June 16, 2017. The material presented during the consensus meeting was based on evidence identified through a systematic search of literature according to a pre-specified protocol. Three main topics with respect to SIES have been identified by the panel: (1) General, (2) Organ specific, (3) New development. Within each of these topics, subcategories have been defined. Evidence was graded according to the Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence. Recommendations were made according to the GRADE criteria.ResultsIn general, there is a lack of high level evidence and a lack of long-term follow-up in the field of single-incision endoscopic surgery. In selected patients, the single-incision approach seems to be safe and effective in terms of perioperative morbidity. Satisfaction with cosmesis has been established to be the main advantage of the single-incision approach. Less pain after single-incision approach compared to conventional laparoscopy seems to be considered an advantage, although it has not been consistently demonstrated across studies.ConclusionsConsidering the increased direct costs (devices, instruments and operating time) of the SIES procedure and the prolonged learning curve, wider acceptance of the procedure should be supported only after demonstration of clear benefits.

A novel endoluminal fundoplication (ELF) technique using a trans-oral and fastener-deploying device (EsophyX, EndoGastric Solutions) was developed and evaluated for feasibility, safety and the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in a series of bench, animal, human (phase 1, phase 2, commercial registry) studies. The studies verified biological compatibility, durability and non-toxicity of the polypropylene fasteners as well as the feasibility of the ELF technique. The results of the preclinical testing indicated that the EsophyX device was shown to be safe, and capable of deploying fasteners directly into tissue and forming an interrupted suture line at the base of the gastro-esophageal valve (GEV). Moreover, the studies demonstrated that the ELF technique performed using the EsophyX device resulted in the creation of new GEVs of 3-5 cm in length and a circumference of 200 degrees -310 degrees , which maintained their anatomical aspects at six months. The ELF-created GEVs appeared similar to those created by laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery (LARS). The ELF procedure also resulted in reduction of all small hiatal hernias (2 cm in size) and restoration of the angle of His. The ELF procedure provides an anatomical approach similar to that of LARS for the treatment of GERD.