Objectives: To evaluate in vitro the surface of elastomeric chains of different manufacturers to verify the presence of pathogenic microorganisms at the moment of unpacking and analyze a possible inhibitory effect of the elastomeric chain when exposed to microorganisms of the oral cavity, for example, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, and Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: Elastomeric chains from Ortho-Organizers Inc, 3M Unitek, and Dental Morelli were placed in petri plates with brain heart infusion agar medium and in sterile test tubes with brain heart infusion broth. The samples were incubated at 37ЊC and analyzed at 24 hours, 48 hours, 3 days, and 7 days. In addition, elastomeric chains from the three manufacturers were placed in dishes, inoculated with microorganisms, incubated at 37ЊC, and analyzed after 24 and 72 hours. Results: No microorganism growth was detected after all incubation periods. No inhibition zones were identified surrounding the elastomeric chain. Conclusions:The results suggest that the fabrication of elastomeric chain is in accordance with biohazard concepts. However, careful manipulation is necessary to avoid colonization of pathogenic microorganisms since the composition of the elastomeric chains analyzed do not include antimicrobial agents.
The simulated computer model used in this investigation suggests that a face-bow with a symmetrically soldered joint and arms of equal lengths used in combination with a transpalatal arch is the best headgear option when asymmetric movement of upper molars is desired.
Objective: To analyze maxillary molar displacement by applying three different angulations to the outer bow of cervical-pull headgear, using the finite element method (FEM). Methods: Maxilla, teeth set up in Class II malocclusion and equipment were modeled through variational formulation and their values represented in X, Y, Z coordinates. Simulations were performed using a PC computer and ANSYS software version 8.1. Each outer bow model reproduced force lines that ran above (ACR) (1), below (BCR) (2) and through the center of resistance (CR) (3) of the maxillary permanent molars of each Class II model. Evaluation was limited to the initial movement of molars submitted to an extraoral force of 4 Newtons. Results: The initial distal movement of the molars, using as reference the mesial surface of the tube, was higher in the crown of the BCR model (0.47x10 -6 ) as well as in the root of the ACR (0.32x10 -6 ) model, causing the crown to tip distally and mesially, respectively. On the CR model, the points on the crown (0.15 x10 -6 ) and root (0.12 x10 -6 ) moved distally in a balanced manner, which resulted in bodily movement. In occlusal view, the crowns on all models showed a tendency towards initial distal rotation, but on the CR model this movement was very small. In the vertical direction (Z), all models displayed extrusive movement (BCR 0.18 x10 -6 ; CR 0.62 x10 -6 ; ACR 0.72x10 -6 ). Conclusions: Computer simulations of cervical-pull headgear use disclosed the presence of extrusive and distal movement, distal crown and root tipping, or bodily movement. Head Professor, Fluminense Federal University. ******** PhD in Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Adjunct Professor, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. A B CDental Press J Orthod 38 2010 Sept-Oct;15(5):37-9Analysis of initial movement of maxillary molars submitted to extraoral forces: a 3D studyOn the model where the resultant passed through the center of resistance (CR), distal bodily movement occurred, causing displacement of the distal root as far as the middle third. On the model where the resultant of forces passed above the center of resistance (ACR), displacement was greater in the distal root, producing a forward tip.In occlusal view, all models showed a trend towards initial distal rotation of the crown. In the CR model however this movement was very limited. Results for vertical direction (Uz) revealed that all models exhibited extrusion, which was higher on the ACR model. The extrusion noted in the three models can be explained by the origin of the force application point, which is low, i.e., in the patients' neck Care should be exercised in cases where it is necessary to raise the outer bow in order to achieve an external line of action as close as possible to the effect desired for the molar, since outer bow elevation increases the extrusive component.It was shown that the use of cervical headgear causes extrusive and distal movement. Force line orientation is important to control the type of maxillary molar movement, which can ...
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