A aquisição da marcha pode ser considerada como o principal desafio a ser superado durante o desenvolvimento motor de um bebê (Winter, 1991). Com aproximadamente um ano de idade, bebês adotam a posição ereta e são capazes de realizar os primeiros passos independentemente (Sutherland, 1997;Grimshaw et al., 1998). O padrão do andar nessa fase está continuamente desafiado pelas características do campo gravitacional, além de ser influenciado pela carência de força muscular, por dificuldades no equilíbrio e no controle dos movimentos (Hallemans et al., 2005). Os primeiros 4-5 meses de experiência do andar independente compõem a chamada fase de transição em que o bebê aprende a coordenar sua postura na posição vertical e o movimento dos segmentos corporais em progressão para frente (Bril & Brenière, 1992). Nesta fase de transição, o padrão de marcha da criança é tipicamente instável, apresenta grande variabilidade (Hallemans et al., 2005;Cowgill et al., 2010) e ocorrem frequentes quedas.Variabilidade é uma característica essencial em sistemas biológicos. Na marcha típica, a variabilidade tem sido extensamente descrita em Motriz, Rio Claro, v.18 n.2, p.356-365, abr./jun. 2012 Artigo Original Estudo da variabilidade das forças de reação do solo na aquisição do andar independente em bebês A study of ground reaction forces variability during acquisition of independent gait in toddlersAbstract: This study aimed to describe ground reaction forces' profiles during toddler's gait at the first months of the acquisition phase of independent walking, in order to identify whether there are changes in the ability to propel and balance the body in this dynamic condition. Ten thirteen-month old toddlers volunteered to the study and were evaluated three times in a three-month interval. The toddlers walked over a 5 m long walkway with two force plates fixed at ground level. Vertical and horizontal peak reaction forces and variability coefficients were selected for analysis. To compare the results of the three evaluations ANOVA Friedman's tests were used at 5% level of significance. The walking experience achieved by the toddlers month after month was not sufficient to significantly change the biomechanical selected variables and statistically significant differences were not found for the selected variables along three months. However, a reduction in the variability coefficient for the vertical reaction forces suggests development towards an increasingly mature gait pattern.
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