A Staphylococcus Multiplex PCR system was developed for the simultaneous detection of the mecA, mecC, blaZ (resistance genes of b-lactam resistance) and PVL (pathogenicity factor gene), associated with an internal reaction control with the 16S rRNA gene. There were used primers described in the literature with and without modification and designed primers to standardize the hybridization and amplification temperature of distinct bands with 139 bp (mecC), 228 bp (16S), 313 bp (mecA), 408 bp (PVL) and 516 bp (blaZ) of molecular weight. The standardization was performed in ATCC strains and Staphylococcus schleiferiand tested in 56 strains of Staphylococcusspp. The 16S gene (internal control) was amplified in all samples, mecA gene was detected in two samples, mecA associated with mecC gene in one sample, mecA associated to the blaZ gene in 14 samples and the blaZ gene in 15 samples. No resistance genes were amplified in 24 samples. The PVL gene was not amplified in any of the samples tested.
Among the meat products, ground beef presents a greater risk of contamination, due to excessive manipulation and greater surface contact. Staphylococcus indicates inadequate hygienic-sanitary conditions of food. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) cover most of the existing staphylococci species and among the virulence factors presented by this group, biofilm production and staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) are the most prominent. The objective of this study was to detect the presence of enterotoxin and biofilm genes in coagulasenegative Staphylococci isolates obtained from ground beef samples. Twenty four strains of CoNS isolated from fresh bovine meat, phenotypically characterized as biofilm producers, were used. The samples were collected in twenty four commercial establishments (butchers and supermarkets) in Umuarama City from Paraná State, Brazil. The CoNS count found was between 1.0 x 10³ and 3.8 x 10 5 CFU/g of food. All 24 samples showed genes belonging to the ica operon, 21 (87.50%) carrying the icaA, icaC and icaD genes and 3 (12.50%) of the icaA and icaD genes. 95.83% (23/24) of the strains were carriers of the sea enterotoxin gene, being 9 (37.5%) only sea, one (4.2%) sea and seb, 7 (29.1%) sea and see and 6 (25.0%) sea, seb and see. One (4.2%) strain did not show any of the enterotoxin genes. The detection of enterotoxin and biofilm genes in CoNS demonstrate the pathogenic potential of this microorganism. The lack of epidemiological data neglects the actual fault of the CoNS in foodborne diseases.
RESUMOA raiva se enquadra dentre as principais zoonoses com papel importante na saúde pública e animal. É uma doença viral, caracterizada por um quadro agudo inflamatório no Sistema Nervoso Central e com potencial de acometimento a todos os mamíferos. Segundo o Ministério da Saúde em 2015 ocorreram dois casos de raiva humana no Brasil. No país, o cão é a principal espécie transmissora urbana, embora os morcegos sejam os responsáveis pela manutenção viral no ambiente silvestre e rural. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a incidência de animais vacinados contra raiva nos atendimentos do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Estadual de Maringá no período de 2015 a 2016, bem como verificar se a vacinação mostrou-se atualizada, estabelecendo correlação com a espécie, idade, sexo e ambiente em que vivem. Para tanto foram analisados os prontuários dos pacientes atendidos nos setores de pequenos e grandes animais durante o período referido. Do total de fichas analisadas, 26,2% dos pacientes possuíam a vacinação atualizada, ou seja, o tutor relatou ter vacinado seu animal no último ano, 37,9% dos pacientes apresentavam a vacinação antirrábica desatualizada e 31,3% dos prontuários não possuíam informação referente à vacinação. Diante desses dados pode-se inferir que a conscientização dos tutores sobre a vacinação antirrábica é importante e deve ser realizada. Palavras-chave: Raiva. Imunização. Zoonose. ABSTRACTRabies is among the major zoonoses with an important role in public and animal health. It is a viral disease, characterized by an acute inflammatory condition in the Central Nervous System and with the potential of affecting all mammals. According to the Ministry of Health in 2015 there were two cases of human rabies in Brazil. In the country, the dog is the main urban transmitting species, although bats are responsible for viral maintenance in the wild and the rural environmente. The present study had as objective to evaluate the incidence of rabies vaccinated animals at the Veterinary Hospital of the State University of Maringá from 2015 to 2016, as Estudo retrospectivo: levantamento dos animais atendidos em um hospital veterinário que possuem vacinação antirrábica -período de 2015 a 2016 well as whether the vaccination was updated and establishing correlation with the species, age, gender and environment in which they live. For that, the medical charts of the patients treated in the small and large animal sectors during the referred period were analyzed. Of the total of analyzed files, 26.2% of the patients had the vaccination updated, that is, the owner reported having vaccinated his animal in the last year, 37.9% of the patients had outdated rabies vaccination and 31.3% of the medical charts did not have information regarding vaccination. In view of these data it can br infer that owners awareness of rabies vaccination is important and must be realized.
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