This paper deals with a method for static and dynamic modeling of a three-way pneumatic proportional valve actuated by means of a proportional solenoid, which can be applied in robust design, condition monitoring, and development of advanced control strategies. Test-beds for the experimental identification of the main physical parameters of the valve are described along with the proposed experimental methods. A mechatronic dynamic model of the valve is then presented, which considers the servo-solenoid as the electromagnetic subsystem, the moving parts of the valve as the mechanical subsystem, and the fluid parts for flow-rate control as the pneumatic subsystem. Finally, the proposed mechatronic dynamic model is validated by comparing the experimental and simulated diagrams for adsorbed current, spool position, and instantaneous flow-rate.
The synthesis of elliptical gears is formulated using envelope theory by means of a suitable shaper-cutter with involute tooth profile. A general algorithm producing the pitch curves of elliptical gears and their rack with any number of lobes is proposed. Evolutes of pitch curves can be also obtained in order to choose a suitable shaper-cutter, even for pitch curves with concave-convex profiles. The complete synthesis of both meshing elliptical gears and their rack is reported, several graphical results being shown for design and analysis purposes. Computer animations are also available.
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