Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the anatomy of the nerves supplying the cervical articular process joint and to identify relevant anatomical landmarks that could aid in the ultrasound-guided location and injection of these nerves for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Study Design Twelve cadaveric equine necks were used. Five necks were dissected to study the anatomy of the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of the cervical spinal nerves 3 to 7. Relevant anatomical findings detected during dissections were combined with ultrasonographic images obtained in one other neck. Six additional necks were used to assess the accuracy of ultrasound-guided injections of the medial branch with blue dye. Results Each examined cervical articular process joint, except for C2 to C3, presented a dual nerve supply. The articular process joints were found to be in close anatomical relationship with the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of the cervical spinal nerve exiting from the intervertebral foramen at the same level, and with the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of the cervical spinal nerve exiting from the intervertebral foramen one level cranial to the articular process joint of interest. A total of 55 nerves were injected under ultrasonographic guidance, 51 of which were successfully stained. Conclusion The current study provided new detailed information regarding the innervation of the cervical articular process joint. The medial branches of the dorsal rami of the cervical spinal nerves were injected with an accuracy that would be of clinical value. Our study offers the foundations to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for pain management in cervical articular process joint arthropathy in horses.

Background: Intussusception is an infrequent cause of equine colic, most commonly encountered in young horses. This condition occurs due to abnormalities of motility and frequently includes the caecum. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review the cases of equine small intestinal (SI) intussusception excluding those with caecal involvement. Study design: Case series, analytical retrospective study. Methods: Medical records of all horses that had SI intussusception, not involving the caecum, from three equine clinics between 2009 and 2020 were reviewed. Information obtained included: clinical parameters, surgical or necropsy findings, complications and outcome. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the outcome and complications with various parameters. Fisher's exact test was used to compare short-term survival with categorical variables. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Twenty-six horses met the inclusion criteria. Median age of horses was 9 months (interquartile range 2.8 months-6.5 years). Relevant history included diarrhoea and general anaesthesia. Twenty-two out of 26 horses were diagnosed during surgery and 4 at necropsy. During surgery, 5 horses were subjected to euthanasia, 9 underwent manual reduction and 8 underwent resection and anastomosis. The postoperative complication rate was high at 47% and included ileus, diarrhoea and colic. The prognosis decreased when the involved segment was longer (p = 0.032), lactate levels were higher (p = 0.024) and reflux was present before admission (p = 0.024). Of all horses, 53% survived to discharge and 92% of these survived for >1 year post-operatively (one case was lost to follow-up). Main limitation: The retrospective nature of the study and the low number of cases included. Conclusions: Small intestinal intussusception was diagnosed in horses of a variety of breeds and ages. Alterations of motility can predispose to intussusception, not only due to hypermotility (diarrhoea), but also due to hypomotility (anaesthesia). Prognosis for hospital discharge was fair; however, following hospital discharge, the long-term survival rate is high and complications are rare. Clinical relevance• This study describes the clinical presentation, case details and aetiology of horses suffering from a rare pathology, which could aid clinicians in diagnosing small intestinal intussusceptions more rapidly.• High complication rates after surgical correction of small intestinal intussusceptions should be expected, and those horses should be treated accordingly.• Long-term prognosis found in this study is good, and long-term complications are rare. This fact may help clinicians and owners in decision making.The study was accepted for presentation in part at the ECVS annual scientific meeting 2020.

Summary A 2‐year‐old French Warmblood stallion was presented for lameness investigation. The diagnostic procedures identified the reason for lameness as being a subchondral cystic‐like lesion (SCL) in the glenoid cavity of the scapula. The horse was surgically treated with a translesional 4.5 mm cortical bone screw inserted through the SCL under radiographic guidance. Sixty days after surgery, the horse was sound and the SCL showed significant radiographic signs of healing. Radiographs obtained 180 days after surgery showed further radiographic healing, with the SCL presenting a radiodensity similar to the surrounding bone. At 4 years post‐operative follow‐up, the horse is sound and competing successfully as a 6‐year‐old in Concours de Saut International (CSI) competitions.

Equine fistulous cranial nuchal bursitis, also known as poll evil, is a serious condition that can progress to cause neurological symptoms and tetraparesis. To date, the only reported effective surgical technique to treat this condition includes the resection of a large portion of the nuchal ligament. This appears to be an outdated and overly invasive surgery with current standards. This case report describes a previously unreported surgical technique, consisting of resection of the entire cranial nuchal bursa under standing sedation and local analgesia. Two horses treated using this technique both had resolution of clinical signs and were able to return to their intended use.