MR imaging is the single best technique in assessment of patients with suspected tibial stress injuries; in some patients with negative MR imaging findings, CT can depict osteopenia, which is the earliest finding of fatigue cortical bone injury.

The study data suggest that contrast-enhanced second-harmonic US is appropriate for renal cyst classification with the Bosniak system.

Muscle fat fraction calculation and mapping using the dual-echo dual-flip angle SPGR MRI technique are useful markers of disease severity and permit patterns of disease distribution to be identified in patients with DMD.

The results show that dual-echo dual-flip-angle SPGR MR imaging technique provides reliable calculation of MFF, consistent with biopsy measurements.

Dual energy CT (DECT) has evolved into a commonly applied imaging technique in clinical routine due to its unique post-processing opportunities for improved evaluation of all body areas. Reconstruction of virtual monoenergetic imaging (VMI) series has shown beneficial effects for both non-contrast and contrast-enhanced DECT due to the flexibility to calculate low-keV VMI reconstructions to increase contrast and iodine attenuation, or to compute high-keV VMI reconstructions to reduce beam-hardening artefacts. The goal of this review article is to explain the technical background of VMI and noise-optimized VMI+ algorithms and to give an overview of useful clinical applications of the VMI technique in DECT of various body regions.