BackgroundThe social impact of degenerative diseases is steadily increasing, because of the continued rise in the mean age of the active population. Articular cartilage lesions are generally associated with disability and symptoms such as joint pain and reduced function, and remain a challenge for the orthopaedic surgeon. Several non-invasive solution have been proposed, but the results achieved to date are far from being completely satisfactory. Recently, new therapeutic approaches, such as the use of mesenchymal stem cells, have been developed. Among the many sources, the adipose tissue is nowadays considered one of the smartest, due to its abundance and easy access. The aim of this retrospective study is to explore whether patients affected by symptomatic knee osteoarthritis treated with micro-fragmented adipose tissue associated with a chondral shaving procedure experience an improvement in symptoms and function.MethodsThirty-eight patients affected by symptomatic knee osteoarthritis were treated in 2015 with an arthroscopic procedure associated with an injection of autologous and micro-fragmented adipose tissue. Micro-fragmented adipose tissue was obtained using a minimal manipulation technique in a closed system. Clinical outcomes were determined at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up using Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score questionnaire and direct physical examination. Safety of the procedure, recording type and incidence of any adverse event, was also assessed.ResultsA steady and statistically significant improvement of all the clinical scores from pre-operative evaluation to 1, 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up was observed, with KOOS sport and quality of life being the most improved scores. On average, 92% of the patients clinically improved and 100% of them were satisfied with the treatment. No adverse events nor relevant complications were recorded.ConclusionThe result of the study pointed to micro-fragmented adipose tissue as a safe and beneficial adjuvant in the surgical treatment of degenerative knee chondropathy. The procedure is simple, sustainable, quick, minimally invasive, one-step, and safe. After one year, the results are very satisfactory and promising. A longer follow-up is needed to draw definitive conclusions and enlarge the indications.Trial registrationRegistered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03527693 on 27 April 2018 (retrospectively registered).

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BackgroundMesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are a promising therapeutic tool in veterinary medicine. Currently the subcutaneous adipose tissue is the leading source of MSCs in dogs. MSCs derived from distinct fat depots have shown dissimilarities in their accessibility and therapeutic potential. The aims of our work were to determine the suitability of omental adipose tissue as a source of MSCs, according to sampling success, cell yield and paracrine properties of isolated cells, and compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue.ResultsWhile sampling success of omental adipose tissue was 100% (14 collections from14 donors) for subcutaneous adipose tissue it was 71% (10 collections from 14 donors). MSCs could be isolated from both sources. Cell yield was significantly higher for omental than for subcutaneous adipose tissue (38 ± 1 vs. 30 ± 1 CFU-F/g tissue, p < 0.0001). No differences were observed between sources regarding cell proliferation potential (73 ± 1 vs. 74 ± 1 CDPL) and cell senescence (at passage 10, both cultures presented enlarged cells with cytoplasmic vacuoles and cellular debris). Omental- and subcutaneous-derived MSCs expressed at the same level bFGF, PDGF, HGF, VEGF, ANG1 and IL-10. Irrespective of the source, isolated MSCs induced proliferation, migration and vascularization of target cells, and inhibited the activation of T lymphocytes.ConclusionCompared to subcutaneous adipose tissue, omental adipose tissue is a more suitable source of MSCs in dogs. Since it can be procured from donors with any body condition, its collection procedure is always feasible, its cell yield is high and the MSCs isolated from it have desirable differentiation and paracrine potentials.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-1053-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The ear is divided into three parts: the external ear, middle ear, and internal ear. The external ear is a funnel-shaped structure that channels air vibrations to the tympanic membrane. It consists of the auricle (pinna) and the external ear canal (external acoustic meatus) that extend to the tympanic membrane. The structure of external ear canal is both cartilaginous and osseous. Some hair and many tubular ceruminous and sebaceous glands are present in the canal. Their secretions forms cerumen, a mucilaginous fluid containing brown granules. Two surgical techniques are available for the treatment of neoplasms of the external canal: the lateral resection, for small neoplasm's nodules of the canal; and the ablation of the ear canal, operation of choice when the neoplastic mass is deep and extensive, within the ear canal. It describes the case of a male dog, Cocker Spaniel, ten years old, patient treated in Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary and animal Sciences, University of Chile, with an episode of external otitis and a tumor that involved the right ear pinna and external right ear canal. It was decided proceeded taking samples for biopsy and subsequently to perform the removal of the external ear canal. The histopathologic diagnosis was ceruminous gland cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN:La cirugía veterinaria experimental en pequeños animales, particularmente en perro, tiene principalmente restricciones de tipo afectivas, por lo que es necesario contar con otro modelo animal, para poder realizar diferentes procedimientos destinados a su aplicación en dicha especie. Dicho modelo debe cumplir con características anatómicas homologables al perro y también con facilidades de uso y manejo. Al ser una especie tradicionalmente utilizada en experimentación, el conejo podría constituir un excelente modelo animal para este propósito. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la anatomo-topografía del estómago del conejo para luego compararla con el perro. Se utilizaron 14 conejos que fueron sometidos a distintas técnicas de conservación para su estudio anatómico posterior; los instrumentos y materiales para realizar dicho estudio morfológico y un registro bibliográfico de parámetros anatómicos del estómago del perro. Los resultados de este ensayo muestran que el conejo posee un estómago de morfología, ubicación y orientación similar a la del perro, con algunas variaciones en sus relaciones con otras estructuras anatómicas. Asimismo la irrigación de este órgano es muy similar a la del perro. De acuerdo a lo observado, en estómago, el conejo podría ser utilizado como modelo animal para someter a prueba distintos ensayos quirúrgicos experimentales.PALABRAS CLAVE: Conejo; Morfología; Estómago; Modelo Animal. INTRODUCCIÓNEn la cirugía experimental se someten a prueba distintos procedimientos, tanto innovadores como tradicionales, estos últimos principalmente para docencia. Los ensayos de este tipo en animales de compañía, como lo es el perro, tienen restricciones de tipo ético y emocional (experimentar en una especie con la que existen lazos afectivos) que complicarían su uso como modelo en investigación y entrenamiento quirúrgico. Por esto surge la necesidad de buscar especies alternativas que permitan las realización de procedimientos quirúrgicos experimentales para entrenamiento en docencia, con menos restricciones en su uso. Dicha especie debe cumplir con características anatómicas similares.El conejo, siendo ampliamente usado en experimentación y docencia, podría cumplir con las características necesarias. Es un animal de abasto, de fácil manejo y cuidado, no requiere de gran espacio físico y su alimentación es simple. No obstante, no ha sido explorada la posibilidad de su uso como modelo experimental en procedimientos que requieren de similitud morfológica, para que sus resultados puedan ser extrapolables a otra especie.Este estudio buscó establecer al conejo como un modelo animal para aplicación quirúrgica experimental y docente. Se comparó tanto la morfología como la irrigación arterial del estómago del conejo versus la del perro, en téc-nicas de gran importancia en la formación quirúrgica general, para los médicos veterinarios. Las cirugías digestivas representan un 7,16% del total de cirugías que se realizan (Ramírez, 2002), siendo este sistema uno de los tres más intervenidos, junto al uroge...