Due to growing work-family demands, supervisors need to effectively exhibit family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB). Drawing on social support theory and using data from two samples of lower wage workers, the authors develop and validate a measure of FSSB, defined as behaviors exhibited by supervisors that are supportive of families. FSSB is conceptualized as a multidimensional superordinate construct with four subordinate dimensions: emotional support, instrumental support, role modeling behaviors, and creative work-family management. Results from multilevel confirmatory factor analyses and multilevel regression analyses provide evidence of construct, criterion-related, and incremental validity. The authors found FSSB to be significantly related to work-family conflict, work-family positive spillover, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions over and above measures of general supervisor support.

Although the benefits of participating in both work and family have been recognized for more than 30 years (Sieber, 1974), limited empirical research exists. One reason for this oversight is the absence of a well-established scale to measure these benefits. We present a new multidimensional scale of perceived work-family positive spillover. We conducted two studies that aided the development and validation of this scale. Our scale measures three types of work-family positive spillover: behavior-based instrumental positive spillover, value-based instrumental positive spillover, and affective positive spillover. Each of these three types of positive spillover occurs in two directions: from work to family and from family to work. We further evaluate the scale's construct validity in relation to role satisfaction and self-reported mental health.

HRONIC NONCANCER PAIN IS associated with considerable physical and psychosocial impairment, distress, comorbid depression, and increased health care use and costs. [1][2][3][4] Many primary care patients report chronic pain, 2,5,6 most commonly musculoskeletal pain. 2,7 Guidelines for chronic pain treatment have been developed. 8,9 However, implementation has been problematic, especially in busy primary care practices in which access to recommended treatment components may be limited.Multifaceted, collaborative interventions can promote guideline-concordant care and improve outcomes for chronic conditions in primary care. 10,11 These interventions, based on the chronic care model, 10 attempt to optimize patient and clinician interactions via education and activation while providing system support, including care management and clinician feedback. Several investigators have demonstrated improvements in pain intensity and pain-related function in studies of interventions using collaborative approaches. 12-14 However, one of these studies used a pre-post design, 14 and the

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BackgroundConsumer-driven homecare models support aging and disabled individuals to live independently through the services of homecare workers. Although these models have benefits, including autonomy and control over services, little evidence exists about challenges homecare workers may face when providing services, including workplace violence and the negative outcomes associated with workplace violence. This study investigates the prevalence of workplace violence among homecare workers and examines the relationship between these experiences and homecare worker stress, burnout, depression, and sleep.MethodsWe recruited female homecare workers in Oregon, the first US state to implement a consumer driven homecare model, to complete an on-line or telephone survey with peer interviewers. The survey asked about demographics and included measures to assess workplace violence, fear, stress, burnout, depression and sleep problems.ResultsHomecare workers (n = 1,214) reported past-year incidents of verbal aggression (50.3% of respondents), workplace aggression (26.9%), workplace violence (23.6%), sexual harassment (25.7%), and sexual aggression (12.8%). Exposure was associated with greater stress (p < .001), depression (p < .001), sleep problems (p < .001), and burnout (p < .001). Confidence in addressing workplace aggression buffered homecare workers against negative work and health outcomes.ConclusionsTo ensure homecare worker safety and positive health outcomes in the provision of services, it is critical to develop and implement preventive safety training programs with policies and procedures that support homecare workers who experience harassment and violence.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-014-1340-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.