Over the past two decades, Taiwan has sought to adopt a holistic approach to education. Reform has been directed towards guiding students to realize their individual potential and to contribute to increasing national competitiveness. In recent years, the extension of basic education from nine to twelve years serves to advance an increasingly equitable, high-performing education system, one which encourages students’ lifelong learning and their contributions to a dynamic and diverse society. This chapter assesses the preliminary implementation of Taiwan’s 12-Year Basic Education reform, which consists of the 2014 Senior High School Education Act, and the 12-Year Curriculum Guidelines implemented in 2019. We analyze government data sourced through the Ministry of Education and the National Statistics Bureau; interviews with teachers, school administrators, professors, and national education researchers; and an online survey disseminated among teachers around the country. Taiwan’s 12-Year Basic Education reform works to reimagine society’s definition of educational success and broaden opportunities for all students—by expanding and diversifying enrollment opportunities for senior high school, revising comprehensive curricular guidelines, supporting innovative pedagogies, and increasing school autonomy. Taiwan’s transition to twenty-first century learning within a traditionally high-stakes, exam-centric educational culture serves as an important case study for discussion within the global pursuit to redefine teaching and learning for the students of today and citizens of tomorrow.
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