This study correlated biomarkers expressed in tumor and epithelial field with clinical response and recurrence. Of 25 bladder cancer patients, 11 received 6 weeks of intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), and 14 were treated weekly with intravesical dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for 4 weeks to further modulate biomarker expression. G-actin, DNA aneuploidy, and p300 tumor antigen were evaluated by quantitative fluorescence image analysis on uroepithelial cells from bladder wash samples prior to and immediately following treatment. Excluding patients who did not respond to BCG (and who had persistently abnormal p300 and DNA markers), recurrence correlated with persistent abnormal G-actin findings. Of patients who were G-actin negative following therapy, only 25% recurred during follow-up in contrast to 67% in patients who were positive (p < 0.03 by Fisher's exact test). The odds ratio for recurrence was 6.00 (95% confidence interval: 1.3-28.6). Cytosolic G-actin levels can be an important intermediate end point marker for chemoprevention.
The efficacy of single-dose therapy with 3 g of cephalexin was evaluated in 129 women with symptoms of acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections. Of 91 patients with significant bacteriuria, 61 Urinary tract infections (UTI) affect at least 10% of the female population and are among the most common infections seen in general medical practice during a lifetime. In general, they are easy to diagnose and can be effectively treated with many different antimicrobial agents; however, the dosage and length of treatment are still controversial.Recently, several studies showed that a single-dose regimen is effective in treating acute uncomplicated UTI in a selected population of women (12, 13). However, when unselected populations were studied, the single-dose regimen was less effective (6-8, 10, 11, 16).Henry Ford Hospital is a 950-bed, outpatient, general medical facility in the inner-city area of Detroit with several satellite clinics in the suburbs. Observations of the patients in this institution gave us the opportunity to study different population groups living within the same large metropolitan area. We chose to investigate the efficacy of a single oral dose of cephalexin in treating -acute uncomplicated UTI in women.
MATERIALS AND METHODSFemale patients who had symptoms suggestive of acute UTI (dysuria, frequency, hematuria) and had abnormal urinalysis results were entered in the study after informed consent was obtained. We excluded patients who were over 70 years ofage, were pregnant, or showed evidence of hepatic or renal impairment or other concomitant infection. We also excluded patients who had signs of acute pyelonephritis, had recently used antibiotics, or had a history of cephalosporin hypersensitivity or complicated UTI (e. g., nephrolithiasis, indwelling catheter, etc.). Initially, 129 patients were entered * Corresponding author.
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