A high prevalence of LBP in helicopter pilots has been reported by several epidemiological surveys since the early 1960's. As pointed out by several authors the most important etiologic factor of LBP in helicopter pilots is the asymmetrical posture adopt during flight. The aim of the study is understand the pathomechanical model of the low back pain (LBP) that affects helicopter pilots in order to propose a risk management addressed to reduce this issue. A comprehensive literature review was performed to identify evidences about low back pain in helicopter pilots, risk factors related and some interventions/risk management adopted. In addition, a self-reported questionnaire was applied for LBP prevalence and pain characterization. Results showed asymmetrical in-flight posture; cockpit design/geometry; seat design; WBV; static posture; prolonged sitting; and flight duration as mainly risk factors and a higher prevalence of LBP among helicopter pilots as well as a significant influence of flight activity on pain features when compared to office workers. In order to solve the problem it will be necessary to provide a comprehensive solution composed by three different and complementary steps: a specific exercise program (as an immediate solution), the use of lumbar support (as a short term solution), and a proposal for redesign cockpit and seat (as a long term solution).

Studies have suggested a higher prevalence of low back pain in helicopter pilots when compared to the general population. This work aims to study the frequency distribution of recurrent low back pain observed in civilian and military helicopter pilots. To carry out the survey, a self-reported questionnaire was applied to 197 helicopter pilots, of which 106 were military personnel and 91 were civilians. The questionnaire was the same used by da Silva 2018 and Bongers et al. 1990. The data collected were: age, weight, height, total flight hours in rotary-wing aircraft, average hours flown per week, level of Physical activity, characteristics, intensity and region of pain, its relationship with flight, etc. Of the 197 tabulated questionnaires, the prevalence of low back pain of 44.6% and spinal pain of 54.2% were found, and of this group, 98.15% reported pain during or immediately after the flight, and only less than 2.0% affirms that the referred pain has no connection with air activity. These data confirm those found in the literature. The present study is part of an investigation process that, through the analysis and interpretation of the collected data, aims to provide subsidies for a future elaboration of a specific physical exercise program for the reduction of low back pain in helicopter pilots.