The effectiveness of an abuse-prevention curriculum, designed to empower women with mental retardation to become effective decision-makers able to protect themselves against abuse was examined. Thirty-six women with mental retardation were randomly assigned to either an intervention or a control group. Results indicate that the performance of the women in the intervention group was superior to that of the women in the control group on measures of knowledge, decision-making, and empowerment but not on a measure of stress management. The findings suggest that women with mental retardation can acquire effective decision-making strategies and apply them to situations of abuse in their lives.
Many volumes have been written cataloguing and detailing the long-term or historical changes in the process of work. Similarly, much attention has been given to ‘doing leisure’. What most, if not all of these works have in common is that both work and leisure are seen as taking place either ‘in’ or ‘away from’ the home. The space between home and the place of work or leisure is seen as a separate entity: the ‘travel’ for which one normally requires a means of transport. Transport then is theorised as simply a way of getting from A to B. Indeed, those who study and theorise about transport are more likely to be in the discipline of engineering than of sociology. In this article we challenge all of this through a consideration of the work and leisure that individuals undertake on the train. We draw on our own experience and on empirical data from a pilot study of train users and also outline our future research and writing plans in this area.
Hypertrophic scarring (HTS) is defined as a scar, which is raised above the skin level and remains within the confines of the original lesion. The authors hypothesize that small surface area burns can be left to heal beyond 21 days without an increase in the incidence of HTS formation, within the confines of a carefully selected patient population. The authors have documented the number of days to healing in all patients conservatively managed in their outpatient burns clinic. All patients who took longer than 21 days to heal receive a follow-up telephone call. A multivariate regression analysis is used to confirm significant factors that impede healing time. This study included 181 conservatively managed burns with a male:female ratio of 1.63:1 and average age of 24.7 ± 21.69 years (range, 1 month to 85 years). In total, 32 patients (18%) took more than 21 days to heal (range, 22-88 days), of which five patients presented with HTS (days to healing range, 23-47; one mixed depth and four deep dermal). One patient did not attend for follow-up, two patients settled with silicone gel alone whereas one settled with pressure garments. One patient is still being seen. The only significant factor in predicting time to healing in the ANOVA model in this study was depth of burn (P = .01; confidence interval, 1.18-6.07). Advances in wound care and better understanding of the physiological processes involved in healing may now enable the management of smaller burns with dressings, delaying the need for early surgical debridement and skin grafting in certain individuals.
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