Background Skin colonization with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) is generally beneficial, but recent investigations suggest its association with flares and atopic dermatitis (AD) severity. However, this relationship remains unclear. Objective To assess patterns of staphylococcal colonization and biofilm formation in toddlers with and without AD from rural and urban South African settings. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of AD-affected and non-atopic AmaXhosa toddlers from rural Umtata and urban Cape Town, South Africa. CoNS isolates were recovered from lesional, nonlesional skin samples and the anterior nares of participants. Identification of the staphylococci was achieved by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The microtiter plate assay assessed in-vitro biofilm formation. Results CoNS and S. aureus commonly co-colonized nonlesional skin among cases (urban: 24% vs. 3%, p = 0.037 and rural 21% vs. 6%, p<0.001), and anterior nares in urban cases (24% vs. 0%, p = 0.002) than the control group. S. capitis colonization on nonlesional skin and anterior nares was positively associated with more severe disease in rural (48.3±10.8 vs. 39.7±11.5, P = 0.045) and urban cases (74.9±10.3 vs. 38.4±13, P = 0.004), respectively. Biofilm formation was similar between cases and controls, independent of rural-urban living. Conclusion CoNS colonization is associated with AD and disease severity and may be implicated in AD exacerbations. Studies are needed to understand their underlying pathological contribution in AD pathogenesis.
Background Staphylococcus aureus has been associated with the exacerbation and severity of atopic dermatitis (AD). Studies have not investigated the colonisation dynamics of S. aureus lineages in African toddlers with AD. We determined the prevalence and population structure of S. aureus in toddlers with and without AD from rural and urban South African settings. Methods We conducted a study of AD-affected and non-atopic AmaXhosa toddlers from rural Umtata and urban Cape Town, South Africa. S. aureus was screened from skin and nasal specimens using established microbiological methods and clonal lineages were determined by spa typing. Logistic regression analyses were employed to assess risk factors associated with S. aureus colonisation. Results S. aureus colonisation was higher in cases compared to controls independent of geographic location (54% vs. 13%, p < 0.001 and 70% vs. 35%, p = 0.005 in Umtata [rural] and Cape Town [urban], respectively). Severe AD was associated with higher colonisation compared with moderate AD (86% vs. 52%, p = 0.015) among urban cases. Having AD was associated with colonisation in both rural (odds ratio [OR] 7.54, 95% CI 2.92–19.47) and urban (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.57–11.2) toddlers. In rural toddlers, living in an electrified house that uses gas (OR 4.08, 95% CI 1.59–10.44) or utilises kerosene and paraffin (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.22–6.77) for heating and cooking were associated with increased S. aureus colonisation. However, exposure to farm animals (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.11–0.83) as well as living in a house that uses wood and coal (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.04–0.49) or outdoor fire (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.13–0.73) were protective. Spa types t174 and t1476, and t272 and t1476 were dominant among urban and rural cases, respectively, but no main spa type was observed among controls, independent of geographic location. In urban cases, spa type t002 and t442 isolates were only identified in severe AD, t174 was more frequent in moderate AD, and t1476 in severe AD. Conclusion The strain genotype of S. aureus differed by AD phenotypes and rural-urban settings. Continued surveillance of colonising S. aureus lineages is key in understanding alterations in skin microbial composition associated with AD pathogenesis and exacerbation.
Background: Staphylococcus aureus has been associated with the exacerbation and severity of atopic dermatitis (AD). Studies have not investigated the colonisation dynamics of S. aureus lineages in African children with AD. We determined the prevalence and population structure of S. aureus in children with and without AD from rural and urban South African settings. Methods: We conducted a study of AD-affected and non-atopic AmaXhosa children from rural Umtata and urban Cape Town, South Africa. S. aureus was screened from skin and nasal specimens using microbiological culture, and S. aureus clonal lineages were determined by spa typing. Logistic regression analyses were employed to assess risk factors associated with S. aureus colonisation. Results: S. aureus colonisation was higher in cases compared to controls (60% vs. 21%, p=0.000) and when stratified for location (54% vs. 13%, p=0.000 and 70% vs. 35%, p=0.005 in Umtata and Cape Town, respectively). Severe AD was associated with higher colonisation compared with moderate AD (86% vs. 52%, p=0.022) among urban cases. Having AD was associated with colonisation in both rural (odds ratio [OR] 7.54, 95% CI 2.92–19.47) and urban (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.57–11.2) children. In rural children, living in an electrified house that also uses gas (OR 4.08, 95% CI 1.59–10.44) or in a house that uses kerosene and paraffin (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.22–6.77) for heating and cooking were associated with increased S. aureus colonisation, while exposure to animals (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.11–0.83) as well living in a house that uses wood and coal (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.04–0.49) and an outdoor fire (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.13–0.73) were protective. Among urban children, t272 and t1476 dominant among cases but no single spa type dominated among controls. In urban cases, spa types t002 and t442 isolates were only identified in severe AD and t174 was more frequent in moderate AD while t1476 in severe AD. Conclusion: The strain genotype of S. aureus differed by AD phenotypes and rural-urban living. Continued surveillance of colonising S. aureus lineages is key in understanding alterations in skin microbial composition associated with AD pathogenesis and exacerbation.
Among inhospital patients, compared to non-sepsis, sepsis group had higher mean of RDW (WMD 1.91% [0.56-3.25], p = 0.006).Conclusion: Sepsis cases and related mortality are significantly associated with higher RDW value. Thus, along with other clinical parameters, this promising finding of RDW could be useful as a simple and affordable prognostic tool, especially in the facility with limited resources.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.