Pine & Lieven (1993) suggest that a lexically-based positional
analysis
can account for the structure of a considerable proportion of children's
early multiword corpora. The present study tests this claim on a second,
larger sample of eleven children aged between 1;0 and 3;0 from a
different social background, and extends the analysis to later in development.
Results indicate that the positional analysis can account for
a mean of 60% of all the children's multiword utterances and that
the
great majority of all other utterances are defined as frozen by the
analysis. Alternative explanations of the data based on hypothesizing
underlying syntactic or semantic relations are investigated through
analyses of pronoun case marking and of verbs with prototypical agent–patient
roles. Neither supports the view that the children's utterances
are being produced on the basis of general underlying rules and
categories. The implications of widespread distributional learning in
early language development are discussed.
It has been suggested that there is a link between sexual abuse and bodily self-deprecation in women with eating disorders. In order to test that model, this study considers whether reported sexual abuse is associated with body-image distortion in anorexia and bulimia nervosa. There was no association with the reported presence of a history of abuse. However, the nature of any abuse was important. In particular, women who reported more recent abuse had a substantially greater level of bodysize overestimation. The clinical implications of this finding are discussed.
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