No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

anonymous referee for their helpful comments. AbstractSince the erosion of confidence in the rational model of planning, sharp divergence between different planning theories has been observed. This paper provides a synthetic framework of planning theories in which the nature of diversity in planning is elucidated. It is argued theoretically that planning requires three different dimensions of knowledge — technical, intersubjective, and criticoethical. The theoretical analysis is followed by some reflections on current practice in planning that support the main theoretical argument. In conclusion, the paper suggests the complementariness of different planning theories and proposes reformulation of the epistemological basis of planning.