246CHIRUMBOLO, ARENI, SENSALES importantes respecto a la dimension de responsabilidad del sistema. Los resultados se discuten a la luz del enfoque de la cognition social motivada (Jost, Glaser, Kruglanski, & Sulloway, 2003).
The study, a descriptive type, is focused on the role of language in confirming or changing stereotypical feminine representations through a linguistic analysis of Italian newspaper communication concerning women politicians. It explored sexism/ nonsexism in political communication on 20 female ministers from four different Italian governments (2006, 2008, 2011, and 2013). It was conducted by textual analysis of 1,244 press headlines with the Spad-t statistical package. Results showed an overutilization of sexist language and variations in the degree of linguistic sexism with respect to different periods (less sexism in the headlines of the last two governments). In this way, findings underlined the conservative role of newspapers that eclipses women's active contribution, maintains their secondary role, and preserves politics as essentially alien to the female universe. This trend appears sensitive to the cultural and political context showing an increase of linguistic nonsexism in the time paralleled to an increase in the number of women parliamentarians.
A comparative study of the structure of attitudes toward computers, science, and technology was carried out with 320 university students equally distributed by country (Italy and the United States), by field of study (humanities, psychology, science, and engineering), and by gender. The instrument used was a Likert-type scale of 56 statements. First, individual items were analyzed for cross-national differences. Then items showing a range of values within both national groups were analyzed by factor analysis to reveal the latent dimensions underlying the set of items. We extracted three factors that, together, accounted for 39% of the variance: attribution to the computer of negative effects, both at an individual psychological level (Factor 1) and at a social psychological level (Factor 2); and the attribution to science, to technology, and to the computer of positive effects at an instrumental and organizational level (Factor 3). Attitudes toward computers, science, and technology were generally more positive than negative in both countries. Nevertheless, against this background of cross-national similarity, sociocultural factors produced attitudinal differences. In particular, the nationality of the subjects made the greatest difference, whereas gender showed a less important influence than did field of study.
This paper presents the results of research on representations of computers and information technology in the three daily Italian newspapers ( La Gazzetta del Mezzogiorno, La Repubblica, and II Corriere della Sera), between 1976 and 1984. The titles of 2816 articles were analysed by categorial content analysis. The aim of the research is the exploration of structural latent dimensions and of differential aspects of representations of computers in terms of `central nuclei' with respect to the three newspapers and to the nine years. The data were analysed by several steps of multiple correspondence analysis (statistical package: SPAD-N). Five dimensions were identified. They together accounted for 74% of the total variance ( optimistic formula of Benzecri) and were defined as: 'secondariness/emphasis in the typography of newspaper space dedicated to computers': `ambivalent/positive attitudes toward the computer': `descriptive/evaluative elements of opinions about the computers': `educative-performative/productive applications of the computer': `supplements/articles as editorial characterizations of news about computers'. With the DEMOD step of SPAD-N, eleven `central nuclei' were also recognized. They show the utilization of a `diffusion system' for La Gazzetta del Mezzogiorno and La Repubblica, of a `propagation system' for II Corriere della Sera; and a movement from `diffusion' to `propagation' over the period considered. The outcome of the results is discussed in relation to the naturalization of technical language, and with respect to results of other researches on attitudes towards, opinions about, and representations of the computer in Italy.
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