Se estudió la composición florística, riqueza (S), heterogeneidad (H'), equidad (J') y similitud en y entre el bosque tropical caducifolio (BTC) y bosque espinoso (BE) de cuatro sitios del Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Meseta de Cacaxtla, Sinaloa, México de junio a noviembre de 2016. En el área se localizan los parches más meridionales del bosque espinoso en el noroeste de México, comparándose por primera vez en la región ambos bosques secos. Se realizaron transectos lineales de 50 x 2 m replicados 10 veces, sumando 0,1 ha, ordenando por familias, géneros, especies, formas de crecimiento cada uno de los individuos registrados y se obtuvieron valores por los coeficientes de Shannon-Wiener, Pielou y Jaccard. Resultaron 28 familias, 68 géneros y 92 especies de formas arbóreas, arbustivas y trepadoras. Las familias con mayor riqueza de géneros, especies y formas de crecimiento fueron Fabaceae, Cactaceae, Euphorbiaceae y Malvaceae; los géneros más diversos en especies fueron: Bursera, Caesalpinia y Randia. El BTC registró 83 especies y el BE 69. Los valores de heterogeneidad H' fueron altos, y variaron de 3,20 hasta 3,65 bits/ind. Los valores de equidad (J') oscilaron entre 0,74 y 0,86. La similitud, arrojó valores entre 0,338 y 0,479. La comparación entre Las Labradas (BE) y El Rancho Las Palomas resultó en una menor cantidad de especies compartidas, presentando la mayor tasa de recambio de especies entre ambos bosques secos. La composición y diversidad florística fue alta en los bosques secos representativos de la Meseta de Cacaxtla.
Studies on floristic diversity in Sinaloa, Mexico reflect about 3736 species of vascular plants, of which little is known about the native trees, their state of conservation and use, in addition to this, a high rate of deforestation has been registered in the state. Recognizing biodiversity, its ecological and cultural importance is of vital importance to propose sustainable use policies and reverse the environmental damage that its loss entails, therefore the objective of this work was to document the native tree species and their use in the agroforestry systems described in the literature and in a community. This study was based on bibliographic and field research; for the former, a list of native tree species was made, an in the latter, the knowledge about trees in a community was documented. Three sampling sites were selected in the municipal seat of Badiraguato Sinaloa, 60 interviews were applied and 51 family gardens were visited, the results of which were analyzed through cluster analysis.577 native trees were registered, four endemic to Sinaloa, the most diverse family and genera were the Fabaceae, Quercus, Pinus and Bursera. 260 species showed to have some form of use in the literature and in the study area, the milpa, the family garden, living fences and a silvopastoril systems were registered as agroforestry systems, the last one was named Pitayal, within the community 79 trees are recognized, 57 present in family gardens (4.15% of Sinaloa state native trees), with eleven forms of use among which the medicinal, a source of shade and food stand out. According to the cluster analysis, the orchards differ between those with introduced fruit trees and those with a higher frequency of native species which are located on the periphery and at the exit of the community. Home gardens are systems that allow the conservation of some species adapted to local conditions, both the species, the forms of management and their ecological implications must be studied in greater depth.
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