Teaching and learning material (TLMs) enhance lesson delivery leading to good academic performance of students. The purpose of this study was to establish the extent to which social studies student-teachers in two northern colleges of education in Ghana are exposed to the use of TLMs in their preparation to teach social studies. Descriptive survey design was adopted for this study. Ten social studies tutors and 140 second year student-teachers in 2 colleges of education were selected for the study. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were respectively used to select the studentteachers and the tutors. The instrument used for the study was questionnaire for both categories of respondents. The quantitative data obtained was analyzed using frequencies and percentages. The study concluded that student-teachers were not well exposed and adequately prepared for the use of TLMs to teach social studies. Even though the Colleges of Education (CoEs) had quite a number of TLMs that could be adequately used, most of these TLMs were not readily accessible for use. The study therefore recommends that tutors should be innovative to identify the natural environment/resources and use them, and also encourage the student-teachers to use them for effective teaching and learning process.
The study investigates the barriers and challenges Ghanaian College tutors faced during the Covid-19 Pandemic when schools had to be closed down which necessitated teaching and learning to be transitioned from the normal face-to-face to a completely online mode using online instructional delivery resources. The research design was descriptive statistics with a sample size of 100 tutors chosen from ten Colleges of Education in Northern Ghana. A purposive sampling technique was used to choose these tutors. The instrumentation used for data collection in this study was a questionnaire. A closed-ended questionnaire was developed for this study. An online Google Forms questionnaire was used to elicit responses using a 4-point Likert scale and the data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20. The results of this study found that, the major barriers identified by tutors in the usage of online instructional delivery resources during teaching and learning included; constant cuts in electricity supply, high cost of electronic devices, high cost of maintenance for electronic devices used for online teaching, poor internet connectivity, low level of incentives, low-level internet accessibility, high cost of data bundle and lack of incentives and motivation. The findings of this study....
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