Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed to measure IgE antibodies specific for Dermatophagoides farinae in dogs and cats. Although higher levels were detected in atopic dogs and cats than in normal animals without skin disease, the differences were not statistically significant. On the other hand, levels in dogs and cats that were reared under laboratory conditions, and thus presumably not exposed to house dust mites, were either very low or undetectable. IgE antibodies were induced in 10 laboratory‐reared cats using low‐dose antigenic stimulation in aluminium hydroxide. All cats developed detectable IgE, but not all developed positive skin tests. However, serum from those cats with positive skin tests were able to give positive Prausnitz–Küstner (PK) tests. The canine data, together with previous work on basophil histamine release, suggests that the distinction between atopic and normal dogs may result from a heterogeneity of either IgE or of the high‐affinity mast cell receptor. The feline data can only be explained by the existence of a heterogeneity of IgE.
Tunisian pemphigus is a newly described form of endemic pemphigus whose clinical, histological and epidemiological characteristics have recently been detailed. The objective of this study was to analyse the binding properties of autoantibodies present in sera from patients with endemic Tunisian pemphigus using immunoblotting and indirect immunoelectron microscopy (IEM). Thirty patients with pemphigus foliaceus (PF) and six with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) seen in the dermatology department of Tunis Hospital between 1992 and 1994 were selected for this study. Seven of 30 (23%) and six of 12 (50%) PF sera tested bound to the 160 kDa band of desmoglein 1 when tested on bovine tongue and human epidermal extracts, respectively. Two of six and two of three PV sera tested bound to the 130 kDa desmoglein 3 in these two extracts. Immunoblot and indirect IEM showed that 24 of 30 (80%) PF sera contained IgG1, IgG3 or IgG4 antibodies that bound to a 185-kDa polypeptide localized on the desmosomal plaque. This immunological analysis showed that most endemic Tunisian pemphigus sera correspond to PF sera and are characterized by a high frequency of autoantibodies directed against a recently identified 185-kDa antigen of the desmosomal plaque.
Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic and re-emerging virus which causes sporadic but severe infections in humans. Currently, no vaccines against NiV have been approved. We previously showed that ChAdOx1 NiV provides full protection against a lethal challenge with NiV Bangladesh (NiV-B) in hamsters. Here, we investigated the efficacy of ChAdOx1 NiV in the lethal African green monkeys (AGMs) NiV challenge model. AGMs were vaccinated either 4 weeks before challenge (prime vaccination), or 8 and 4 weeks before challenge with ChAdOx1 NiV (prime-boost vaccination). A robust humoral and cellular response was detected starting 14 days post initial vaccination. Upon challenge, control animals displayed a variety of signs and had to be euthanized between 5- and 7-days post inoculation. In contrast, vaccinated animals showed no signs of disease, and we were unable to detect infectious virus in all but one swab and all tissues. Importantly, no to limited antibodies against fusion protein or nucleoprotein IgG could be detected 42 days post challenge, suggesting that vaccination induced a very robust protective immune response preventing extensive virus replication.
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