The aim of this work is to correlate the histological gonad analysis of adult male Macrobrachium amazonicum of a wild population with morphotypes identified in populations reared in earthen ponds. A total of 500 adult male specimens were collected in the Mosqueiro Island, Municipality of Belém, State of Pará, Brazil. The animals were classified on the basis of body and cheliped colour, second right cheliped spination, total length, cheliped length and weight. The gonads of each morphotype were fixed, processed by histological techniques and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. All four morphotypes, translucent claw (TC), cinnamon claw (CC), green claw 1 (GC1) and green claw 2 (GC2), were identified in the wild population, indicating the same population structure described for cultured animals. The M. amazonicum testes are composed of multiple lobes. The TC gonads showed a population of germ cells in the eccentric portion of the seminiferous tubule and few spermatozoa in the central region. Cinnamon claw males exhibited a large cell population with intense meiotic activity and sparse spermatozoa. Regardless of the different external morphologies of GC1 and GC2, no histological differences were found in their gonads; both had a large number of gametes and similar spermatogenic cell population. Despite the external morphological evidences of the four morphotypes, the histological criteria indicate the existence of only three morphotypes: TC, CC and green claw (GC).