Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterised by microvasculopathy, immune dysregulation, and skin and visceral organ fibrosis. Every year novel insights into the pathogenesis, organ involvement and treatment of this severe disease are published in the scientific community. In this review we report an overview of some of the most relevant contributions published in 2021.

Osteoporosis is a prevalent bone disease with a relevant burden of mortality and comorbidity, especially due to fragility fractures occurring as a result of reduced bone mineral density. In this review we provide a critical digest of the most recent literature regarding the relationship between gut microbiota and osteoporosis and discuss the role of radiofrequency echographic multispectrometry (REMS) and machine learning in the diagnostic work-up and prevention of osteoporosis.