The induced polarization phenomenon, both in time domain and frequency domain, is often parameterised using the empirical Cole–Cole model. To improve the resolution of model parameters and to decrease the parameter correlations in the inversion process of induced polarization data, we suggest here three re‐parameterisations of the Cole–Cole model, namely the maximum phase angle Cole–Cole model, the maximum imaginary conductivity Cole–Cole model, and the minimum imaginary resistivity Cole–Cole model. The maximum phase angle Cole–Cole model uses the maximum phase φmax and the inverse of the phase peak frequency, τφ, instead of the intrinsic charge‐ability m0 and the time constant adopted in the classic Cole–Cole model. The maximum imaginary conductivity Cole–Cole model uses the maximum imaginary conductivity σmax′′ instead of m0 and the time constant τσ of the Cole–Cole model in its conductivity form. The minimum imaginary resistivity Cole–Cole model uses the minimum imaginary resistivity ρmin′′ instead of m0 and the time constant τρ of the Cole–Cole model in its resistivity form. The effects of the three re‐parameterisations have been tested on synthetic time‐domain and frequency‐domain data using a Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion method, which allows for easy quantification of parameter uncertainty, and on field data using 2D gradient‐based inversion. In comparison with the classic Cole–Cole model, it was found that for all the three re‐parameterisations, the model parameters are less correlated with each other and, consequently, better resolved for both time‐domain and frequency‐domain data. The increase in model resolution is particularly significant for models that are poorly resolved using the classic Cole–Cole parameterisation, for instance, for low values of the frequency exponent or with low signal‐to‐noise ratio. In general, this leads to a significantly deeper depth of investigation for the ϕmax, σmax′′, and ρmin′′ parameters, when compared with the classic m0 parameter, which is shown with a field example. We believe that the use of re‐parameterisations for inverting field data will contribute to narrow the gap between induced polarization theory, laboratory findings, and field applications.
Industrial application of environmentally hazardous substances have led to contamination of important groundwater aquifers worldwide. Decreasing groundwater quality poses risks to human health, water and food supply, and biodiversity. In Europe, a total of 2.8 million contaminated sites was estimated in 2017 (Pérez & Eugenio, 2018), while in the US, the legal authorities had to manage up to 1.3 million contaminated sites in 2017 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2017). In Denmark, groundwater is the primary source for drinking water and >36,000 contaminated sites were registered in 2018 (Olsen et al., 2020). Source zone remediation by excavation is a typical, but expensive method that can lead to a significant carbon footprint (Søndergaard et al., 2018). In many cases, the source zone contamination depletes and creates a contamination plume in the groundwater aquifer (Fjordbøge et al., 2017;Murray et al., 2019;Steelman et al., 2020).The development of cost-effective in situ remediation technologies, where contaminant plumes are directly treated in the groundwater, is a high priority (
In this paper we present a geophysical survey that was carried out as a research activity during field trips to the Himera archaeological site, where relics of a large Greek settlement are still buried, effected by a joint group of archaeologists and geophysicists during an educational project. Twodimensional (2D) resistivity and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys were performed to locate buried archaeological structures at this archaeological site. The results of the GPR surveys show some anomalies characterized by semi-hyperbolic shapes. In some restricted areas of the town, two grids of parallel GPR profiles were acquired while time-and depth-slices were calculated to identify the extension of the buried structures. In fact, the shapes of many anomalies recognized in the slices seem to describe the distribution of the relics (i.e. walls, roads, etc.).A 2D electrical resistivity profile showed clear anomalies, which were connected with wall-like relics. This was also obtained by using on-site calibration on partially uncovered structures, while the low background resistivity values were interpreted as representing river deposits having different moisture characteristics. Recommendations were also given to the archaeological site-excavators, following which some of the results were confirmed by subsequent archaeological excavations.
A DC resistivity (DC) and Time Domain Induced Polarization (TDIP) survey was undertaken at a decommissioned landfill site situated in Hørløkke, Denmark, for the purpose of mapping the waste deposits and to discriminate important geological units that control the hydrology of the surrounding area. It is known that both waste deposits and clay have clear signatures in TDIP data, making possible to enhance the resolution of geological structures, when compared to DC surveys alone. <br><br> Four DC/TDIP profiles were carried out crossing the landfill and another seven profiles in the surroundings, giving a dense coverage over the entire area. The whole dataset was inverted using a 1-D Laterally Constrained Inversion scheme, recently implemented for IP data, in order to use the entire decay curves for reconstructing the electrical parameters of the soil in terms of the Cole-Cole polarization model. <br><br> Results show that it is possible to both resolve the geometry of the buried waste body and key geological structures. In particular, it was possible to find a silt/clay lens at depth, which correlates with the flow direction of the pollution plume spreading out from the landfill, and to map a shallow sandy layer rich in clay that likely has a strong influence on the hydrology of the site. This interpretation of the geophysical findings was constrained by boreholes data, in terms of geology and gamma ray logging. The results of this study are important for the impact that the resolved geological units have in the hydrology of the area, making it possible to construct more realistic scenarios of the variation of the pollution plume as a function of the climate change
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.