Abstract. Global climate change poses new challenges for plant species, including new and complex combinations of environmental conditions to which plants should adjust and adapt. Mediterranean ecosystems are recognized biodiversity hotspots, but are also global climate change hotspots due to the concerted action of multiple environmental drivers. The Italian Peninsula presents a wide range of all these site-related elements influencing grapevine performance. From a climatic perspective, it delivers a relatively large set of mesoclimates, spanning from dryer regions, in the inner south, to more humid regions, in the northwest and northeast. Topography and soils are also quite distinct throughout the peninsula, ranging from extended flatland areas to steep mountainous regions, each with very different soil characteristics, which may influence crop selection and settlements in each region. All these elements are reflected in the different varieties grown throughout the peninsula.This study aims to provide an improved assessment of the practical adaptation options for the viticulture of Tuscany and of Valpolicella and what could be the strength and resilience to climate change of grapevine varieties in these areas. According to the models tested, Italian viticulture is able to adapt better than other countries to global warming, as the placing at various altitudes up in the high hills and mountains sets off the mechanism called resilience.
Economic globalization characterizes the 21st century. A digital world has replaced the analog world. “Time is money, and thinking is money.” Thinking and time are patentable. Branding is a metaphor for a lifestyle change. The “Big Brother” described by Orwell in his novel “1984” is relevant today. We have moved from a world of thoughtful synthesis to one of analysis mediated by “likes,” “thumbs-up,” and “opinion leaders.” Wine, a social marker and cultural base, is being diluted in an interconnected world where it is easy to lose identity, principles, and economic worth (Pareto’s ofelimity). The perception of the value of the wine is changing from a cultural symbol to mercantilism. The pandemic lockdown has shown many fragilities of the wine system, fueling e-commerce and digital search, creating an immediatist, identity-less, and easy-to-disinform society. In general, people talk about “Eco-friendly,” “sustainability,” “climate change,” “resilience,” and more very lightly and without awareness, limiting themselves to hashtags for viral dissemination, influencers, and the transmission of incomplete, easy sensationalism or false documents (fake news). It outlines Italian viticulture at the great crossroads between sustainability established on a value chain or that of semi-finished products and built on years of observation, possible with a paradigm based on years of statistical and empirically significant observation It outlines Italian viticulture at the great crossroads between sustainability established on a value chain or that of semi-finished products, built on years of observation, possible with a paradigm based on statistical and empirically significant observation. By leaving its specific place centered on typicity, wine can become a commodity product, sharing the same destiny as agricultural raw materials.
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