Objective: To determine whether climate variability influences the number of hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in infants, children, and adults in the city of Campo Grande, Brazil. Methods: We used daily data on admissions for respiratory diseases, precipitation, air temperature, humidity, and wind speed for the 2004-2008 period. We calculated the thermal comfort index, effective temperature, and effective temperature with wind speed (wind-chill or heat index) using the meteorological data obtained. Generalized linear models, with Poisson multiple regression, were used in order to predict hospitalizations for respiratory disease. Results: The variables studied were (collectively) found to show relatively high correlation coefficients in relation to hospital admission for pneumonia in children (R 2 = 68.4%), infants (R 2 = 71.8%), and adults (R 2 = 81.8%). Conclusions: Our results indicate a quantitative risk for an increase in the number of hospitalizations of children, infants, and adults, according to the increase or decrease in temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and thermal comfort index in the city under study. Keywords
Since groundwater and surface waters are important components of the hydrological system, determining their interaction is essential for the efficient management of water resources by predicting the consequences of interference, whether due to the growth of demand or due to climate change. However, integrated scientific studies on these water resources are scarce, including in the Guariroba’s Environmental Protection Area, responsible for supplying 31.3% of the Campo Grandem/MS’s population, representing a local water security element. Thus, this work had as objective to evaluate the interaction between surface-groundwater in an unconfined sedimentary aquifer system, based on hydrograph separation methodologies of base flow, Flow Duration Curve (FDC) analysis, Master Recession Curve (MRC) evaluation and verification of the relationship between the surface flow, piezometric levels (PL) of the wells and the monthly precipitation. The results indicates a proportional relationship between rainfall, superficial flow and PL variations; the FDC smooth slope suggests that the baseflow is sustained by the groundwater discharge, corresponding to 89% of the total flow; the low-flow index indicates that the groundwater’s storage capacity is about 80%; the Base-Flow Index (BFI) ranging from 0.804 to 0.921, indicates a stable flow regime, aquifer’s high permeability conditions, though not uniform, and low runoff.
The use of swine effluents as a biofertilizer is an alternative to chemical fertilizers and to water demand in dry season. Nevertheless, fertigation studies usually focus on the plant demand and the soil nutrition parameters, mainly physic-chemical ones. This work aimed to evaluate the impacts of fertigation with swine effluents treated in the microbial quality of groundwater from the phreatic aquifer in two lots on Campanário settlement, on the city of São Gabriel do Oeste, MS, Brazil. Microbial analyses were carried out on groundwater samples from four piezometer and two supply wells using the Colilert system to quantify total coliform and Escherichia coli. Samples were collected during twelve months. The results indicate groundwater contamination by bacteria of the coliform group, according to the drinking water Brazilian standards and its spatial distribution from the point sources to a spreading area in accordance with groundwater flow. Therefore, water disinfection is strongly recommended for drinking purposes. Despite having a strong correlation with groundwater microbial contamination, especially in rainy season, fertigation with swine effluents seem not to be the only source of pathogens in the phreatic aquifer. However, high total coliform values in dry season samples could be assigned to the fertigation.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as condições de clima do Mato Grosso do Sul, por meio do índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU), e apresentar o zoneamento bioclimático relacionado ao conforto térmico. Os valores de ITU foram estimados a partir de dados de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar para o período de 1979 a 2008. Quatro intervalos de ITU foram usados para classificar o desempenho humano (ITU<74: conforto; 74≤ITU<79: quente; 79≤ITU<84: muito quente, e ITU>84: extremamente quente), e dois intervalos para classificar a produção animal (79≤TU<84: perigoso e ITU>84: emergência). Considerandose que o clima predominante tem uma alternância de duas estações ao longo do ano: verão quente e úmido e inverno seco com temperaturas mais amenas, os resultados mostraram maior risco de desconforto térmico no período de outubro a abril, comparado ao período entre maio e setembro. O período mais crítico ocorreu entre dezembro e março. Observa-se que valores de ITU entre 77,9 e 83,9, humanos e animais podem sofrer algum grau de estresse térmico durante as horas mais quentes do dia, afetando ambos negativamente.
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