ResumoO trabalho apresenta os resultados da aplicação do método do Soil Conservation Service (SCS), atrelado à utilização de técnicas de tratamento de dados e confecção de mapas temáticos em ambiente SIG. Tem como objetivo principal avaliar a variação temporal e espacial dos coeficientes de escoamento superficial ( C ), ocasionado pela impermeabilização do solo, na bacia hidrográfica do rio Atuba. A avaliação temporal e espacial foi realizada em três períodos distintos de urbanização: I) início da década de 60, ano de 1962, quando a bacia estava quase que em seu estado natural; II) ano de 1980, início do processo de urbanização e; III) ano 2000, período em que se observa um acelerado aumento das áreas urbanizadas. O método do SCS calcula o coeficiente C a partir das diversas percentagens de impermeabilização da cobertura superficial do terreno e, das características físicas e umidade antecedente, dos diferentes grupos hidrológicos de solos, encontrados em uma bacia hidrográfica. Como resultado final obteve-se a quantificação dos índices de armazenamento superficial dos solos e dos índices de escoamento superficial além, da interpolação, em ambiente SIG, dos mapas de cobertura superficial do terreno com o mapa de solo para a elaboração do mapa da análise multitemporal dos coeficientes de escoamento superficial.Palavras-chave: coeficiente de escoamento, impermeabilização, mapeamento, urbanização, Rio Atuba. AbstractThis paper presents results from the Soil Conservation Service method (SCS), including data treatment and thematically maps done under GIS environment applied. Its aiming is evaluate the temporal and spatial variation of the runoff coefficient (C) caused by impermeable surfaces in the river basin Atuba. The temporal and spatial evaluation was done studying three different periods of urbanization: (a) beginner of 60 years, when the basin could be considered in its natural state; (b) in 1980, during the initial process of urbanization and (c) in 2000, when some areas of the basin remains close to the natural state but is easy to observe a fast increasing in urbanization process. In the methodology developed by SCS, the C coefficient for a hydrographic basin was calculated from different percentages of impermeable surface covering and previous physical and humidity characteristics for a specific soil type. So that, impermeable surfaces could be quantified and cartographic bases and surface covering these three periods were analyzed and treated digitally. In the digital photointerpretation technique the software Erdas Imagine 8.6® was used to obtain surface cover maps. As a final result, it was possible to determinate quantitative parameters for maximum retention of the soils (S) and runoff indexes (C). Besides, the interpolation under a GIS environment and coverage maps of the land surface with the soil map were used to build a map for multitemporal analysis of the runoff coefficients.
Objectives/Scope The Pabdeh Group of Tertiary Paleocene to Oligocene age was deposited in a foredeep basin created by an obducted compressional thrust front that extends from Northwestern Oman into the Northern Emirates. The unit is represented by marls interbedded by thin calciturbidites and sandstones, the latter of which become more frequent in the Oligocene. The maximum thickness of the Pabdeh in the basin depocentre is ~3.5 km. The hydrocarbon play is proven in the Hamidiyah oilfield, located in Ajman, and is being pursued in Ras Al Khaimah utilizing recently acquired 3D seismic and legacy well data. Methods, Procedures, Process Modern Play Based Exploration techniques including interpretation and integration of 3D seismic, Full Tensor Gravity (FTG), local well information, integration of biostratigraphic data, and geochemical analysis of source rocks was used to delineate the Pabdeh play area. The identification of delta fronts, channels, and basinal fans on seismic was linked to the complex interplay between tectonic and eustatic base level changes. Seismic morphologies were then supplemented by seismic amplitude analyses, and outcrop studies in the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah (RAK). Ductile compressional folding due to closure of the Neo Tethys Basin is proven to have also effected sedimentation patterns with ponded fans also developing on the paleo-shelf. Results, Observations, Conclusions The Pabdeh Group is a thick monotonous unit that requires high resolution biostratigraphy with seismic guided sequence stratigraphy, to identify mappable units and unconformities across the foredeep basin. The Middle Eocene Pabdeh Fm. Is the primary reservoir target in the Hamidiyah Field. Pabdeh calciturbidites represent lowstand sedimentation basinward of major incisions. These calciturbidites were deposited as debris flows originating from deltas near the thrust front. Submarine channels were cut into the shelf edge along the compressional thrusting front (in the present near offshore of RAK), and basinal fans can be observed in the present-day offshore 3D seismic. The calciturbidite facies has been identified in several wells with clear hydrocarbon shows and successful tests. Structural traps can be defined in tight ductile folds with a N-S trend, along with potential for stratigraphic traps. Main risk factors are around reservoir effectiveness and clearly defined migration pathways. Novel/Additive Information For the first time the detailed sequence stratigraphy of the Pabdeh Group has been used to determine prospectivity in RAK and is now being expanded across the Northern Emirates using modern 3D seismic and Play Based Exploration (PBE) techniques.
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