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The present work reports a facile approach to the one-pot solution growth of vertically aligned, doped ZnO nanorod (NR) arrays by chemical bath deposition (CBD). The effects of dopant ions on the final morphologies, electronic band structures and donor densities of ZnO were examined. With the introduction of dopants, the optical band gap energies of the samples were reduced. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performances of the doped ZnO NRs were tested. When compared with pristine ZnO NRs, the doped ZnO NRs demonstrated an improvement of at least 15% in the PEC water splitting activity. Na-doped ZnO NRs was the most efficient anode, where its photocurrent density was 2.1 times greater than that of pristine ZnO NRs. The mechanism for improved PEC performance was proposed.

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Collision outcomes between one stationary and another rolling liquid marble can be controlled using Weber number (We*) and offset ratio.

Photocatalytic water splitting has recently received increasing attention as a green fuel. The controlled nano-geometry of the photocatalytic material would improve light harvesting. In this research, as a proof-of-concept, hollow...

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The blind and mostly endogean julid genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929 stat. nov. is reviewed to include ten species: S. ausugi (Manfredi, 1953) comb. nov., S. fimbriatus (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov., S. gentianae (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov., S. illyricus (Verhoeff, 1929) comb. nov., S. insularis (Strasser, 1938) comb. nov., S. maximus (Verhoeff, 1929) comb. nov., S. montellensis (Verhoeff, 1930) comb. nov., S. rotundatus (Strasser, 1962) comb. et stat. nov., S. seewaldi (Strasser, 1967) comb. nov., and S. tobias (Berlese, 1886) comb. nov. The distinctiveness of the genus from Typhloiulus is proven by both morphological and molecular data. The monotypic genus Alpityphlus Strasser, 1967 is here treated as a junior subjective synonym of Stygiiulus syn. nov. Stygiiulus fimbriatus comb. et stat. nov. and S. gentianae comb. et stat. nov., originally described as subspecies of S. ausugi comb. nov., are here erected to full species, while the subspecies S. illyricus stygis (Verhoeff, 1933) comb. et syn. nov. is considered to be a junior subjective synonym of the typical S. illyricus comb. nov. Lectotypes are formally designated for S. gentianae comb. et stat. nov. and S. rotundatus comb. et stat. nov., to stabilize the nomenclature of the two species under Article 74.1 of the ICZN. The phylogeny of the genus, its distribution patterns, and the modified mouthparts in some of its species are discussed.