None.

No abstract

RAIT exceeding 100 mCi was strongly associated with the development of leukemia in a nationwide, population-based study, while lower RAIT doses were not. Considering the favorable survival of patients with thyroid cancer and the potential harm of RAIT, physicians need to consider the pros and cons of RAIT when using this treatment option.

Context Reports on the incidence, characteristics, and comorbidity in Asian patients with acromegaly are scarce. Objective To evaluate the incidence of acromegaly and the risk of comorbidities in East Asia, especially South Korea. Design This nationwide population-based cohort study using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment claims database evaluated the incidence of acromegaly, initially diagnosed from 2010 to 2013. We identified comorbidities during, before, and 2 years after diagnosis. Acromegaly and control cases (718 and 7180, respectively) were included in the analysis. Setting A longitudinal case-control study using a nationwide population cohort. Results The mean annual incidence rate of acromegaly was 3.57 cases per 1 000 000. Malignancies occurred in 61 patients with acromegaly (8.5%) during the study period and thyroid cancer was the most common malignancy (n = 38). In the acromegaly group, the overall risk of malignancy was higher: hazard ratio (HR), 2.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.12–3.74). Malignancy risk was more pronounced in females, with increased risk from the prediagnosis period that is sustained until the postdiagnosis period. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure increased significantly in acromegalic patients. Over the entire period, DM developed in 51.1% and 57.0% of male and female acromegalic patients, respectively. Mortality risk was higher (HR 1.65, 95%; CI: 1.13–2.41) and statistically significant in females (HR 1.75, 95%; CI: 1.07–2.84). Conclusion Comorbidities associated with acromegaly differed by sex in Korean subjects. High malignancy and mortality risk should be considered in female patients when managing acromegaly in Korea.

Background: The comparative effectiveness of antipsychotic long-acting injections (LAIs) and oral medication is not clear due to various methodological problems. Methods:To compare the effectiveness of LAIs and oral antipsychotics in preventing readmission in patients with schizophrenia, we performed a within-subject analysis of data collected from 75,274 patients hospitalized with schizophrenia over a 10-year period (2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017). Readmission rates were compared according to medication status (non-medication, oral medication alone, and LAI medication). Each admission episodes were compared according to medication status before admission.Results: Total 132,028 episodes of admission were analyzed. During 255,664 person-years of total observation, 101,589 outcome events occurred. Comparing LAI to only oral medication, IRR was 0.71 (0.64-0.78, P < 0.001). IRR of LAI to only oral medication of first index admission was 0.74 (0.65-0.86). As hospitalization was repeated, IRR of second, third, and fourth or more index admission decreased 0.65 (0.53-0.79), 0.56 (0.43-0.76), and 0.42 (0.31-0.56), respectively.Conclusions: LAI treatment reduced the readmission rate by 29% compared with oral medication in real-world settings. Moreover, LAIs reduced the readmission rate by 58% in patients with repeated admissions. The more readmissions, the greater the effect of LAIs in reducing the risk of re-hospitalization compared with oral antipsychotics.