Water is essential component of life. Pure drinking water is a necessity for humans. Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan. In Balochistan river and well water is mainly used for drinking and agriculture purposes. Current study was carried out to determine the concentration of trace and heavy metals in river (surface) and well water of Jhal Magsi district of Balochistan. Ten (10) samples were collected from each, river (surface) and well water. Physicochemical parameters (PH, Electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solids, Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity and Color) were determined. Determination of trace and heavy metals i.e. Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr) and Nickel (Ni) were carried out using Atomic absorption Spectrophotometer. Except 3 samples (RW3, RW5 and WW6), the physicochemical parameters were within the world health organization (WHO) and environmental protection agency Pakistan (EPA) limits. Concentration of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu were below the WHO and EPA limits. Concentration of Pb and Cd were higher than the standards set by WHO and EPA. Cr and Ni were not detected in any samples. Current study is the first study carried out to determine the concentration of trace and heavy metals in drinking water of Jhal Magsi district of Balochistan.
Objectives: The main objective of the study is to identify, assess and categorize the severity and causality of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and to analyze the management techniques to prevent them. MethOds: This is a prospective observational study done for one year at the inpatient department of a tertiary care hospital, Hanamkonda. Patients who visited the hospital with different diseases were reviewed on a daily basis and monitored for ADRs. The Patients' data was collected from various sources and documented in a data collection form. Suspected ADRs were assessed by using WHO scale, Karch and Lasagna scale, Naranjo's scale and severity assessment was done using Modified Hartwig and Siegel scale. Results: A total of 2500 patients were reviewed, of which 120 (4.8%) patients met the study criteria of having at-least one ADR. Among 120 patients, 143 ADRs were found with a higher incidence among females 80 (56%) than males 63(44%). Among 143 ADRs, 59(41.25%) gastrointestinal reactions were more frequently reported than the others. The pattern of drugs causing these ADRs showed drugs of different classes varying from the highest being Antiplatelets-aspitin+clopidogrel {13(11%)} and Anti-cancer drugs-cisplatin {12(10%)} to the least being Penicillins' and LMW Heparin{2(2%)}. On evaluation of the causality of ADRs, a majority of them were found to have a 'possible 'and 'probable' association with the suspected drugs. Majority of the ADRs were 'moderate' in severity. cOnclusiOns: Having identified and assessed the causality and severity of these ADRs, it was found that majority of reactions were moderate, showed probable association with the drugs and found to be more in patients experiencing gastrointestinal disease condition than the others. The methods of management based on the pattern of drugs causing the ADRs are monitoring signs and symptoms, caution, contraindications, monitor serum concentrations, dosage adjustment, alternate drug, discontinuation, and limited use. PHP54 CHroniC Patients attitudes, Beliefs, and exPerienCes regarding PolyPHarmaCy and Willingness to dePresCriBe in Quetta
This study aimed at developing the microwave-treated, physically cross-linked polymer blend film, optimizing the microwave treatment time, and testing for physicochemical attributes and wound healing potential in diabetic animals. Microwave-treated and untreated films were prepared by the solution casting method and characterized for various attributes required by a wound healing platform. The optimized formulation was tested for skin regeneration potential in the diabetes-induced open-incision animal model. The results indicated that the optimized polymer film formulation (MB-3) has significantly enhanced physicochemical properties such as high moisture adsorption (154.6 ± 4.23%), decreased the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) value of (53.0 ± 2.8 g/m2/h) and water vapor permeability (WVP) value (1.74 ± 0.08 g mm/h/m2), delayed erosion (18.69 ± 4.74%), high water uptake, smooth and homogenous surface morphology, higher tensile strength (56.84 ± 1.19 MPa), and increased glass transition temperature and enthalpy (through polymer hydrophilic functional groups depicting efficient cross-linking). The in vivo data on day 16 of post-wounding indicated that the wound healing occurred faster with significantly increased percent re-epithelialization and enhanced collagen deposition with optimized MB-3 film application compared with the untreated group. The study concluded that the microwave-treated polymer blend films have sufficiently enhanced physical properties, making them an effective candidate for ameliorating the diabetic wound healing process and hastening skin tissue regeneration.
improvements" in pain relief and functional improvement, respectively, with TA-ER (43%, 43%) compared to IACS (13%, 13%) and IAHA (19%, 13%). More patients reported a longer duration of pain relief and functional improvement (months), respectively, with TA-ER (51%, 44%) versus IACS (28%, 28%) and IAHA (19%, 25%). Conclusions: Knee OA has a tremendous impact on quality of life, and patients have significant unmet treatment needs. Patients and physicians identified similar attributes as very important in making knee OA treatment decisions. TA-ER is a useful addition to the physicians' armamentarium with patients reporting a higher magnitude and duration of knee OA symptom relief relative to other IA injections.
Diabetes, one of the global metabolic disorders, is often associated with delayed wound healing due to the elevated level of free radicals at the wound site, which hampers skin regeneration. This study aimed at developing a curcumin-loaded self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) for diabetic wound healing and skin tissue regeneration. For this purpose, various curcumin-loaded SEDDS formulations were prepared and optimized. Then, the SEDDS formulations were characterized by the emulsion droplet size, surface charge, drug content/entrapment efficiency, drug release, and stability. In vitro, the formulations were assessed for the cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, cell migration, and inhibition of the intracellular ROS production in the NIH3T3 fibroblasts. In vivo, the formulations’ wound healing and skin regeneration potential were evaluated on the induced diabetic rats. The results indicated that, after being dispersed in the aqueous medium, the optimized SEDDS formulation was readily emulsified and formed a homogenous dispersion with a droplet size of 37.29 ± 3.47 nm, surface charge of −20.75 ± 0.07 mV, and PDI value of less than 0.3. The drug content in the optimized formulation was found to be 70.51% ± 2.31%, with an encapsulation efficiency of 87.36% ± 0.61%. The SEDDS showed a delayed drug release pattern compared to the pure drug solution, and the drug release rate followed the Fickian diffusion kinetically. In the cell culture, the formulations showed lower cytotoxicity, higher cellular uptake, and increased ROS production inhibition, and promoted the cell migration in the scratch assay compared to the pure drug. The in vivo data indicated that the curcumin-loaded SEDDS-treated diabetic rats had significantly faster-wound healing and re-epithelialization compared with the untreated and pure drug-treated groups. Our findings in this work suggest that the curcumin-loaded SEDDS might have great potential in facilitating diabetic wound healing and skin tissue regeneration.
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