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Background Recently, it has been proposed that red meat consumption could enhance risk of diabetes and worsen lipid profile and glycemic status, in comparison with soy or non-soy legume, but the results of clinical trials are controversial. Objectives This study aimed to compare the effect of red meat, soy bean, and non-soy legume consumption on cardio-metabolic factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods This was a randomized controlled clinical trial which included 75 patients with diabetes, aged 40–65 years. Participants were randomly allocated to receive two servings of red meat (control group), soy bean, or non-soy legume, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. All groups also received a balanced-macronutrients weight maintenance diet. Body composition and cardio-metabolic factors including fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum lipids, and blood pressure were measured at baseline and endpoint of the study. Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) score and Framingham risk score (FRS) were also computed. Results We found no significant differences in changes of FBG, fasting insulin, HbA1c, QUICKI score, serum lipids, FRS, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure among the 3 groups. Within group analysis showed that FRS reduced significantly in all groups (P<0.05). In addition, systolic (P=0.01) and diastolic (P=0.03) blood pressure reduced within red meat group. Conclusions Compared to soy bean or non-soy legume, moderate consumption of red meat had no adverse effect on cardio-metabolic factors including FBG, fasting insulin, HbA1C, QUICKI score, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein , high-density lipoprotein , and blood pressure in adults with type 2 diabetes.

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IntroductionPatients with diabetes play an important role in management of their illness. They should be involved in the intervention program to be able to improve their quality of life. This study investigated the effect of a self-management program based on 5A (assess, advise, agree, assist, arrange) model on metabolic control indicators of diabetic patients.Material and methodIn this randomized, controlled trial, 70 diabetic insulin dependent patients who referred to Nader Kazemi clinic in Shiraz participated. They were randomly assigned to two groups of experiment and control. Then a self-management program based on 5A model was performed for the experiment group during 3-mounths and the indicators of metabolic control including hemoglobin A1c, cholesterol, triglyceride and also body mass index were measured pre- and post- intervention in both groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver 11.5.ResultsData analysis revealed a significant reduction in mean fasting blood sugar (69 units) and HbA1c (1.16 units) in the experimental group . Pre- to post-changes in hemoglobin A1c, fasting blood sugar, and high density lipoprotein were significant between the two groups of study. However, there was no significant difference in cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and body mass index between the two groups.DiscussionRegarding the results, it can be concluded that a 3-month self-management program based on 5A model is effective in reducing the fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c. Application of self management program based on 5A model in diabetic clinics is recommended.

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Background A number of studies have shown that consumption of vegetable oils may improve diabetes complications including inflammatory response and oxidative stress, but no study has been done on the effects of canola oil (CO) and olive oil (OO) consumption in patients with type 2 diabetes. This clinical trial was done to compare the effects of CO and OO on insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress in women with type 2 diabetes. Methods This randomized controlled clinical trial was done on 77 type 2 diabetic women. 4 weeks before the intervention, lipidlowering drugs intakes were cut under the supervision of an endocrinologist. The participants were randomly divided into 2 intervention groups (Balanced diet +30 g/day CO or OO) and one control group (Balanced diet +30 g/day of sunflower oil (SFO)). Dietary intakes were assessed using three 24-h food records at baseline and at weeks 4 and 8 of the interventions. At baseline and after 8 weeks, height, weight, waist circumference, fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Results After the intervention in the inter-group analysis, CRP level was reduced significantly in CO and OO groups but no significant changes were observed in other factors. CRP reductions were also significant between all of the groups but not for other factors. Conclusions Replacing CO and OO with SFO as part of daily dietary fat in the diet of people with type 2 diabetes is recommended for reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Trial registration.This study is approved by the Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (IR.SUMS.REC.1394.27) and is recorded in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT2015062722818N1).

The effects of lithium on stimulus-induced insulin release and glucose tolerance were examined in intact, unanesthetized, and unrestrained rats with indwelling intravascular catheters. In the first study, a 150-mg iv glucose pulse was administered at 30 min after rapid iv injection of lithium carbonate (1 meq/kg) or vehicle. After the glucose pulse, mean serum glucose levels throughout the observation period were significantly greater in the lithium-treated rats than in the vehicle-treated (control) rats. Similarly, a mean glucose disappearance rate of 2.8 +/- 0.2%/min in the lithium-treated rats was significantly less (P < 0.02) than the mean glucose disappearance rate of 3.4 +/- 0.2%/min observed in the control rats. In response to glucose pulse, acute insulin release was significantly inhibited in the lithium-treated rats compared with that observed in the control rats. In the second study, a 10-mg tolbutamide pulse was administered 30 min after a rapid iv injection of lithium carbonate or vehicle. Acute insulin release in response to tolbutamide pulse was markedly inhibited in the lithium-treated rats compared with that observed in the control rats. In lithium-treated rats, the decline in serum glucose between 10-45 min after the tolbutamide pulse was significantly less than that observed in the control rats. Therefore, in the intact rat, lithium inhibits glucose- and tolbutamide-induced insulin release, which, in turn, causes glucose intolerance and prevents tolbutamide-induced hypoglycemia.