Comparative studies of the chemical composition and the coagulanting activity of the seeds of Cucumeropsis mannii Naud., Arachis hypogaea L. and Moringa oleifera Lam. in the clarification of surface waters.
This research aims to determine the chemical profile of the essential oil of Curcuma mangga (C. mangga). Samples of the essential oils, obtained by steam distillation of the harvested plant material (leaves and rhizomes) at four sites and during three years, were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The physicochemical characteristics of the volatile extracts, such as the relative density, the acid index, the ester index and the rotary power, were determined according to AFNOR standards. Analysis of the chemical composition shows that the essential oil of the leaves contains mainly ar-curcumene (14.42 to 32.08%), ᾳ-zingiberene (3.5 to 16, 79%), β-sesquiphellandrene (5.48 to 14.07%), 1,8-cineole (traces-23.46%) and, to a lesser extent, βbisabolene (3.25 to 9.11%). The rhizomes are rich in ᾳ-zingiberene (11.56 to 33.28%), in βsesquiphellandrene (14.24 to 20.85%), in curzerenone (traces-12.65%) and in camphor (0.61 to 16.44%). It appears that the chemical profiles with predominant of ar-curcumene for the leaves and predominant of ᾳzingiberene and β-sesquiphellandrene for the rhizomes, are different from those identified in other countries.
Vitex madiensis Oliv. (Lamiaceae) and Crossopteryx febrifuga (Rubiaceae), two plants commonly used in traditional African medicines to treat malaria and pain, were studied either to determine their chemical profiles or to evaluate their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated leaves, trunk bark, root bark and fruits methanolic extracts of both plants in order to find out which part of the plant is responsible for the activity. The analyses of the chemical profiles allowed us to confirm the presence of several ecdysteroids, especially 20-hydroxyecdysone in some parts of V. madiensis and to highlight the presence of organic acids and phenol derivatives in C. febrifuga. Among the four parts of the plants studied, only the fruits extract of C. febrifuga could present anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing ROS production. The leaves and trunk bark extracts of V. madiensis showed significant free radical scavenging activity compared to ascorbic acid, and the same extracts decrease ROS production significantly. The activity of these two extracts could be explained by the presence of ecdysteroids and flavonoids. The ROS production inhibition of V. madiensis is particularly interesting to investigate with further analyses.
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