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To order to know any differences and similarities between Mangabeys and Guenons study of their vegetarian diet was conducted for 10 months between 2013 and 2014 in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon. By using the direct observation method, we identified 84 plant species integral to the vegetarian diet of these two groups of monkeys. Thus, we have recorded similarities and differences. Guenons (69 species) consume the same plant species as the Mangabeys (49 species; V = 1594 p-value = 0.1796). They are considered frugivores at large because they consume an average of 84.77% fruit for guenons and 63.37% for the mangabeys, with a difference in the consummation of seeds 18.93% and 3.31% respectively. These results suggest that Mangabey have a seed-eating regime while the guenons tend to consume even when they are unavailable fruits. Our analyzes also showed that these two groups have preference different family of the species that they consume. This is due to the nature of the fruit produced by each family. Furthermore the mangabey (chi-squared = 5.6989, df = 5, p-value = 0.3366) interested in several of plants while monkeys (chisquared = 15.817, df = 5, p-value = 0.007387) remain more attached to fruit consumption.

In Africa, several emerging zoonotic viruses have been transmitted from small mammals such as rodents and shrews to humans. Although no clinical cases of small mammal-borne viral diseases have been reported in Central Africa, potential zoonotic viruses have been identified in rodents in the region. Therefore, we hypothesized that there may be unrecognized zoonotic viruses circulating in small mammals in Central Africa. Here, we investigated viruses that have been maintained among wild small mammals in Gabon to understand their potential risks to humans. We identified novel orthonairoviruses in 24.6 % of captured rodents and shrews from their kidney total RNA samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel viruses, Lamusara virus (LMSV) and Lamgora virus, were closely related to Erve virus, which was previously identified in shrews of the genus Crocidura and has been suspected to cause neuropathogenic diseases in humans. Moreover, we show that the LMSV ovarian tumour domain protease, one of the virulence determination factors of orthonairoviruses, suppressed interferon signalling in human cells, suggesting the possible human pathogenicity of this virus. Taken together, our study demonstrates the presence of novel orthonairoviruses that may pose unrecognized risks of viral disease transmission in Gabon.

Small mammals harbor various zoonotic viruses and are natural reservoirs for emerging viruses. Here, we identified a novel orthonairovirus, which is genetically close to the virus suggested the association with human neural diseases. The virus was found in 24.6% of the small mammals captured in Gabon, Central Africa.

REMERCIEMENTSCette étude a été financée par la JST/JICA, SATREPS. RESUMEAu Gabon, les travaux portant sur les relations plantes animaux demeurent encore très lacunaires. Pourtant, cette connaissance est indispensable dans la compréhension des fonctionnements des écosystèmes forestiers, mais aussi sur le comportement alimentaire des mammifères. C'est dans ce cadre qu'une étude sur l'abondance des mammifères frugivores et celles des fruits a été conduite dans le Parc National de Moukalaba Doudou. Les données sur l'abondance des mammifères ont été recueillies à l'aide des caméras pièges, le long de 11 transects de janvier 2012 à janvier 2014. Quant aux fruits, ils ont été récoltés le long de ces transects sur une bande de 1 m de large de part et d'autre du transect. Au total, 2492 fruits repartis en 100 espèces ont été recensés au cours de cette étude. Le nombre de fruits recensés a varié en fonction des biotopes prospectés et des mois. Les caméras pièges ont permis d'identifier dix espèces de mammifères frugivores présents dans cette zone. Le test de corrélation P de Pearson (R= 0,2 ; df= 10, P= 0,5) a montré que la variation entre l'abondance des mammifères et celle des fruits reste indépendante. © 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés : Abondance, fruits, mammifères, Parc National Moukalaba-Doudou, caméra piège, Gabon. Relationship between the abundance of frugivores mammals and the fruits in the National Park of Moukalaba-Doudou, Gabon ABSTRACTIn Gabon, the works on animal-plant relationships are still very little known. However, this knowledge is essential in understanding the functioning of forest ecosystems, but also on the feeding behavior of F. L. MINDONGA NGUELET et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 10(5): 1969-1982, 2016 1970 mammals. It is in this context that a study on the abundance of frugivores mammals and those fruits was conducted in the National Park Moukalaba-Doudou. Data on the abundance of mammals were collected using cameras traps along 11 transects from January 2012 to January 2014. As for fruits, they were collected along transects on a 1m strip on either side. A total of 2492 fruits divided into 100 species were identified during this study. The number of registered fruit varies by surveyed habitats and months. The camera traps have identified ten species of frugivores mammals in this area. The correlation test P Pearson (R = 0.2; df = 10, P = 0.5) showed that the variation between the abundance of mammals, and fruit remains independent.