Winter wheat is most susceptible to yellow dwarfed virus and most damaged during its seedling stages and the beginning of stem elongation. Leaf discoloration in shades of yellow, red or purple from the tip down and from the margin to midrib is a typical symptom of BYDV attack. The experiment vas conducted during the year 2019-2020, in the experimental field of wheat breeding laboratory of the Agricultural Research and Development Station Lovrin, placed near the town Oradea, in the North-west of Romania. The autumn of year 2019 were unusually very worm and very humid too, prolonged until the middle of December, favourable the fly of aphides. With a single exception (the cultivar Biharia), all the genotypes that exceed the trial average of yield (Abundent, Bogdana, Otilia, Simnic 60 and F. 14.078 GP 1) had the BYDV average note from 3.2 to 3.6. The best varieties have either cultivar OTILIA or the breeding line Fundulea 14.078 GP 1 in their pedigree. Both of them derived from a triticale/wheat cross. The aphides prefer the grown juicy of leaves of belated genotypes (Bezostaya 1, Dacic, Adelina). The genotypes with good resistance to drought (Bogdana, Ursita, Abundent) are less preferred by aphides. The yield was negative affected by yellowing of leaves, purple leaf coloration and blacken ears of plants. The first simptoms are caused by autumn infection of plants with virions but purple leaf coloration is caused by the new fly of aphides during the earing period. Blacken ears of plants seems to be caused only by the purple leaf coloration. The date of earring correlate negatively with the virus symptoms (yellowing, purple leaf coloration and blacken ears). The genotypes which are earlier are more affected by BYDV.
The paper presents results regarding the new winter wheat disease present with great intensity in the north-west Romania during the year 2020. In the climatically changing context, viruses of poaceae affected with intensity the wheat, with a severe reduction of yield. The paper presents the symptoms of bydv during of the phenological stage: yellowing of leave, margins shading leaves, purple leaf coloration, blackened of plant. An unusual positive correlation was point out between purple leaf coloration, caused by virus, and percent of total protein content. some genotypes (Bogdana, Ursita, and Abundent) seems to have some resistance to virus. The best entries have either Otilia or the line f.00628g34 (derived from a triticale/wheat cross), or both in their pedigrees.
Increasing the availability and stability of wheat grain production is a major objective of breeding in present and in the future. Our paper presents some yields stability parameters for 24 Romanian cultivars and breeding lines and the long term check Bezostaya 1, tested in south and west Romania during the year 2018. The experiment were conducted in nine locations and five specifically technology in 3 replications, so that the number of plots were 1125. The diversity of conditions is reflected by the genotypes amplitude of yield variations (from 2932 kg/ha to 5384 kg/ha). The coefficient of regression (b) correlated (positive or negative) with all other stability indicators, except the yield averages of genotypes. Plotting genotypic variance or coefficient of variances against yield averages, permit us to identifier the genotypes with smaller yield variation than expected: Dacic, Adelina and Albota 4-10. The regression analysis identified genotypes adapted to favorable environmental conditions, with b>1 and lower a (Zamolxe, Zamfira, Lovrin 6107), or adapted to less favorable conditions, with b< and a great (Bezostaya 1, Dacic, Adelina and Albota 4-10). The genotypes with b> and a relative large are wide adaptability, like: Alex, Zina, Voinic and Fundulea 11.424 G1. Our study suggests that the coefficient of regression, intercept and the plotting against yield averages are the most useful in characterizing the yield stability and specifically reactions of genotypes to vary environment conditions. Important information brings the minimum yields analyses regarding the genotypes reactions to unfavorable environmental conditions.
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