Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women all over the world. Genetic background of women contributes to her risk of having breast cancer. Certain inherited DNA mutations can dramatically increase the risk of developing certain cancers and are responsible for many of the cancers that run in some families. Regarding the widespread multigene panels, whole exome sequencing is capable of providing the evaluation of genetic function mutations for development novel strategy in clinical trials. Targeting the mutant proteins involved in breast cancer can be an effective therapeutic approach for developing novel drugs. This systematic review discusses gene mutations linked to breast cancer, focusing on signaling pathways that are being targeted with investigational therapeutic strategies, where clinical trials could be potentially initiated in the future are being highlighted.

Background: Anomalous left brachiocephalic vein (ALBCV) is a rare and less known systemic venous anomaly. Infrequently, this vein takes an abnormal course and passes to the right behind or beneath the aortic arch to create the superior vena cava (SVC). Its incidence was reported much higher in patients with

One of the techniques utilised in the management of cancer in all stages is multiple biomedical imaging. Imaging as an important part of cancer clinical protocols can provide a variety of information about morphology, structure, metabolism and functions. Application of imaging technics together with other investigative apparatus including in fluids analysis and vitro tissue would help clinical decision-making. Mixed imaging techniques can provide supplementary information used to improve staging and therapy planning. Imaging aimed to find minimally invasive therapy to make better results and reduce side effects. Probably, the most important factor in reducing mortality of certain cancers is an early diagnosis of cancer via screening based on imaging. The most common cancer in women is breast cancer. It is considered as the second major cause of cancer deaths in females, and therefore it remained as an important medical and socio-economic issue. Medical imaging has always formed part of breast cancer care and has used in all phases of cancer management from detection and staging to therapy monitoring and post-therapeutic follow-up. An essential action to be performed in the preoperative staging of breast cancer based on breast imaging. The general term of breast imaging refers to breast sonography, mammography, and magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) of the breast (magnetic resonance mammography, MRM). Further development in technology will lead to increase imaging speed to meet physiological processes requirements. One of the issues in the diagnosis of breast cancer is sensitivity limitation. To overcome this limitation, complementary imaging examinations are utilised that traditionally includes screening ultrasound, and combined mammography and ultrasound. Development in targeted imaging and therapeutic agents calls for close cooperation among academic environment and industries such as biotechnological, IT and pharmaceutical industries.

The aim of this study was to add ultrasonographic screening criteria for placenta accreta in patients with cesarean section history at 11-14 weeks of gestation in order to identify those with the high risk of placenta accreta. Consequently, using ultrasound follow-up and confirmation of diagnosis can reduce mortality and morbidity. Pregnant mothers who were referred for routine screening for ultrasonography at 11–14 weeks of gestation were enrolled in the study if they had a history of cesarean section. Of the 184 subjects who were included in the study, 23 of the low-risk groups were excluded from study for some reason such as miscarriage and a lack of required information on the time of delivery. Among the 152 subjects, 27 were classified in the high-risk group (17.7%) and 125 subjects in the low-risk group (82.3%). Only one case in the high risk group was identified in patients with placenta accreta by ultrasound and clinical diagnosis, which has undergone a cesarean section at the gestational age of 35 weeks. There was no relationship between placenta accreta and disease risk, placenta previa, cesarean section, maternal age, and gravidity.Therefore, placenta accreta screening using ultrasonography can identify high-risk individuals at week 14-11 and with subsequent follow-up for improving prenatal prognosis..