The study is aimed at finding the effect of leadership styles on organizational citizenship behavior and employees’ turnover intentions. A descriptive survey research strategy was adopted over a sample of 240 respondents selected conveniently from eight universities of Pakistan. Multifactor Leadership Scale developed by the Williams and Anderson (1991) was used for data collection. Turnover Intention Scale developed by Roodt (2004) was used to determine employee turnover intention. Descriptive statistics along with ANOVA were used to analyze the data. The research indicated that transformational and transactional style of leadership have a positive relationship with organizational citizenship behavior whereas, laissez faire style has a negative relation with organizational citizenship behavior and positively related with employee turnover intention. Transformational and transactional style of leadership had an insignificant relation with employee turnover intention.
Metacognition and reflective teaching are concepts that complement each other if we refer to a reflective teacher. This study investigates whether metacognitive awareness of prospective teachers can be improved through reflective journals. In present study reflective journals are comprised of practice sheets through which the prospective teachers can practice their metacognitive thoughts consciously. The methodology followed is experimental research by using qusai-experimental design into two phases. Both, control and experimental groups were taught through a combination of teaching strategies that we normally use in our classes such as lecture, discussion, or through inquiry, etc., in phase 1. In phase 2, reflective journals, along with other strategies that were used in the 1st phase, were introduced. The results of data analysis revealed a significant enhancement of prospective teachers metacognitive awareness and its constituent factors e.g., metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation.
Every person in this world has the right to be educated and by every person means every single person, yes, the persons of special needs as well. About 15 percent of the world’s population has suffered various forms of disabilities such as visual and hearing impairment, physically handicapped, or mental retardation. Literature provides pieces of evidence that this area of education is often neglected and therefore this qualitative research aimed to highlight the importance of inclusive education in Pakistan. As there were limited researches available and most of them are based on document analysis so, the 1st purpose of this research was to find out the problems that a teacher faced while teaching a special learner at a higher education level. 2nd to find out the student’s perspective of studying in an inclusive setting at the university level. For this purpose, a phenomenological design was used and both teachers and their students took interviews. Both teachers and students that obstruct teaching and learning in inclusive classrooms identified the following four zones. (a) Insufficient knowledge of teachers and lack of awareness about inclusion in the classroom. (b) Lack of training employed in inclusive or regular classrooms with differently-abled students; (c) Lack of examination to choose the most suitable aids which helpful for the teaching in the inclusive regular classroom. (d). Learning difficulty and psychological issues in the classroom.
The increasing number of female adult learners required a need for a deeper and more additional background related consideration on the effects contributing toward educational achievement for the learners who return to study. The aim of this study is to define the role of Transformative Interventions in developing Conducive Learning Environment for female adult learners in higher education with the consideration on hindrances faced, as they re-engage and continuing their post-compulsory educational passage. Qualitative approach with explanatory case study design has been employed to conduct this study. Semi-structured open-ended interviews conducted for 16 purposefully selected female participants. Two private and two public universities were selected from which adult working students and experienced of having transformative learning interventions during their course. Moreover, the experiences and responses highlighted the needs, hindrances and expectations of the adult students in higher education. They identified reflective activities including article review and reflective writing, faculty support, seminars, educational conferences, presentations, projects on real life issues, discussion and introducing demanding courses are the important transformative learning interventions for developing Conducive environment for adults. The major factor responsible for developing Conducive environment was experiences and exposure by the adult learner and providing opportunities through the Andragogy and expertise. Notes on interviews and reflection journals were utilized to triangulate data to support these methods. Data analysis and results of the study indicated that participants experienced transformative learning interventions through both educational and non-educational related activities held in university by Higher Education.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.