Objective: Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in human spermatozoa. However, the role of vitamin D (VD) in human male reproduction has not yet been clarified. In this study, effects of VD on sperm parameters and its apoptosis in asthenozoospermic and healthy men were evaluated. Methods: The study was carried out on discharged semen samples of 80 asthenozoospermic and healthy men. The samples were divided into control and experimental groups (received 20 µMol of VD). This study assessed sperm motility using the Makler chamber, their morphology by Diff quick, apoptosis and necrosis by Annexin-V and TUNEL assays, and their chromatin integrity was assessed by Aniline blue and Toluidine blue staining, according to WHO guidelines. Results: The results revealed that: 1) the total number of motile sperms was increased by VD in both groups, but it was only significant in the asthenozoospermia group. 2) The progressive motility was increased with significant difference in both groups.3) Morphology of sperm did not show any changes due to VD in any of the groups. 4) Early apoptosis and necrosis of sperms were reduced in both groups, but the results of late apoptosis showed no statistical difference in these groups. 5) The percentage of positive toluidine blue was significantly decreased after using VD in the asthenozoospermia group. Conclusion: VD could improve motility, early apoptosis, and sperm necrosis, especially in asthenozoospermic men and it could be used for therapeutic opportunities.
The present study was an investigation of metacognitive strategy training on improving Iranian EFL learners' listening performance and the differences and similarities at three levels of elementary, intermediate, and advanced levels. Few studies have been conducted to investigate three levels. So, 348 third grade female senior high school students of Zanjan/Iran were selected through multistage cluster random sampling method and based on Cambridge placement test (2010), 116, 132, and 100 students in 3 elementary, advanced, and control groups participated in this experimental study. During two months and over period of nine forty-minute sessions, students in experimental groups received metacognitive and listening instructions. To address the research question, ANOVA test was conducted and the results showed that there were meaningful differences between students' performance and the students of experimental advanced group showed more improvement than students in experimental intermediate and elementary groups, and students of intermediate experimental group showed more improvement than students in experimental elementary group. The implication of the study is that metacognitive strategy training should be incorporated into the regular listening teaching programs to help students become more effective listeners.
This research inspected the requested of information assay algorithm in quality rein, situation research investigation: Peugeot 207 body entrance. Nowadays, human capability for manufacture and group of dataset have been developing swiftly. Most of facture frolic significant figure in this procedure; namely, prevalent utilization of computer capabilities in various body of knowledge, in expansion tools for set information, study and consistent knowledge systems, integrated banking systems, and electronic commerce. The explosive expansion in stored datum has given rise to new technologies and automated tools to transform the vast amount of datum into facts and knowledge, hence information assay is a solution for the obstacle. Information assay is prophesied to utilize of information assay tools in order to realize the templates and reliable interaction which has undisclosed so far. The willing research is requested to announce information assay in a manufacture company of Iran Automotive firm; that the original purpose is to demonstrate the reliable evaluation and some of dependability and precision controllers in the body construction company. In the recent researches, scholar efforts to provide this precision by cent and utilizing CLEMENTINE schedule, and attempts to show that when the researcher warrants a body, to what extent it can be possible to need to be re-diagnosed by the editors' instant response system. In the current research, the primary data of the quality information systems that have been accessed are used to perform calculations by the CLEMENTINE program. The findings of the study showed that the prediction is reliable in 85% of the opportunities. By using data analysis in the process of quality control and predicting the accuracy of people's performance in the bodybuilding salon and preventing the discovery of problems and defects in the reactivity department.
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