A divided-cell
trickle bed electrochemical reactor (TBER) with
a porous cathode composed of carbon black and polytetrafluoroethylene
was developed for generation of hydrogen peroxide. An important feature
of the reactor is a divided cathode of different cells made with stainless
steel mesh. This division into a sectional cathode resulted in a concentration
of hydrogen peroxide that is more than twice that produced in an undivided
cathode. The much improved performance was attributed to the even
distribution of electrolyte and oxygen in the cathode bed, as well
as an effective mass transport of oxygen from the gas phase to the
electrolyte–cathode interface. Hydrogen peroxide generation
was demonstrated from electrochemically reducing oxygen in concentrated
alkaline electrolyte solutions using the TBER. Factors for the hydrogen
peroxide electrosynthesis were systematically studied, including cell
potential, electrolyte flow rates and concentrations, temperatures,
and the number of cells.
In this study, an optimal meta-heuristic optimization algorithm for load frequency control (LFC) is utilized in two-area power systems. This metaheuristic algorithm is called harmony search (HS), it is used to tune PI controller parameters ( , ) automatically. The developed controller (HS-PI) with LFC loop is very important to minimize the system frequency and keep the system power is maintained at scheduled values under sudden loads changes. Integral absolute error (IAE) is used as an objective function to enhance the overall system performance in terms of settling time, maximum deviation, and peak time. The two-area power systems and developed controller are modelled using MATLAB software (Simulink/Code). As a result, the developed control algorithm (HS-PI) is more robustness and efficient as compared to PSO-PI control algorithm under same operation conditions.
Keyword:LFC Meta-heuristic optimization Algorithm (HS) Integral absolute error (IAE) MATLAB environment
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