Introduction: It seems rhinoplasty candidates have poorer body image and this can affect their decision to proceed with surgery. Aim: Present study assessed the body images of rhinoplasty candidates and control groups before surgery, according to sex them. Method: This research was a case-control study in which 136 rhinoplasty applicants and 136 control subjects in Amir-Al-Momenin hospital/Rasht were chosen as available sampling and by Multi-dimensional self-body relationships questionnaire (MBSRQ) were studied. Data were analyzed by using multi-variable co-variance analysis (MANCOVA) in the form of 2×2 factorial. Results: The main effect of group factor showed that in comparison with control group, rhinoplasty candidates have significantly higher scores mean in tendency to fitness and lower scores mean in satisfaction with body areas (P<0.05); In the meantime, main effect of gender factor was not the significant in any of aspects of body image. But, group × gender interaction effect showed that rhinoplasty candidate men have lowest satisfaction with body areas (P<0.05). Conclusion: Higher tendency rhinoplasty candidates to fitness and low satisfaction them of your body areas, especially the nose can push them to do the surgery. Therefore, monitoring, evaluation and psychological intervention to patients before surgery to improve the body image is recommended.
Introduction:The birth order and the frequency of criminal record can be factors affecting on the stress and attention deficit / hyperactivity of the thieves. Aim:The present study evaluates the stress and attention deficit / hyperactivity symptoms in a group of thieves in terms of birth order and frequency of criminal record.Method: This research was a causal comparative study in which 100 individuals commited theft who in the years 2015-2016 in Rasht central prison were punished by non-random targeted sampling were selected. Samples by the legal and demographic variables inventory, the stress scale, Conners' adult attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder rating scale-self-report-screening version, and the Wender Utah rating scale were studied and data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and univariate analysis of variance.Results: With the exception of the relationship between birth order with Conners' attention deficit and the frequency of criminal record with Conners' hyperactivity impulsivity (P>0.05), other components of Conners' attention deficit hyperactivity and Wender childhood attention deficit hyperactivity in second and third children, and individuals with two, three or more criminal records is more than the first born and people with one criminal record (P<0.05). Meanwhile, none of these groups showed a difference in stress level (P>0.05). Conclusion:The birth order and the frequency of criminal record can have a significant relationship with the representation of attention deficit / hyperactivity symptoms of thieves. Therefore, monitoring, evaluation and psychological intervention of these individuals with the aim of reducing impulsive behaviors will be recommended.
Background: Sleep and seizures can affect each other in different ways. Meanwhile, sleep disorders are among the most frequent complaints of patients with epileptic and non-epileptic seizures, with various health outcomes. Objective This study aimed to investigate the psychological symptoms and clinical indicators in patients with/without sleepiness with epileptic/non-epileptic seizures. Methods: The present study was a fundamental and descriptive (causal-comparative) research. The study population included all patients with epileptic seizures (temporal and generalized) and non-epileptic psychogenic seizures in Shiraz City, Iran. A total of 68 patients (in two groups with sleepiness and without sleepiness) were selected by the purposive sampling method. The study data were collected using the clinical and demographic inventory, Stanford sleepiness scale, Beck depression and anxiety inventory, perceived stress, mood disorder, bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale, global assessment of the severity of epilepsy, and global assessment of disability-related directly to seizures. The obtained data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance, Fisher exact test, and Mann–Whitney U test. Results: Analyses showed that patients with seizures who had sleepiness reported higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress than patients without sleepiness (P<0.05). Also, patients with sleepiness suffer more than their counterparts from the symptoms of bipolar disorder I and II and assess the severity of disease and disability resulting from seizures as worse (P<0.05). Conclusion: Sleepiness in patients with epileptic and non-epileptic seizures is associated with increased psychological symptoms and disease severity.
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