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Recent studies indicated that regular consumption of antioxidant-rich foods reduces cellular oxidative stress and protects against health-related problems. This study aimed to assess the in vitro antioxidant properties of the papaya epicarp extract against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced oxidative stress in human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. Our study revealed that papaya epicarp extract acted as a potent free radical scavenger and provided neuroprotection against H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress. Papaya epicarp extract ameliorated glutathione depletion, restored total antioxidant capacity and augmented the inhibition of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidases and superoxide dismutase). In conclusion, papaya epicarp extract can be used as a functional dietary ingredient that might help in reducing the neurological health problems associated with various oxidative stress insults.

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A new innovative method was developed to measure the thermal-relaxation by maintaining isothermal condition in a Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The DSC thermalrelaxation characteristics of gelatin and date flesh were found to be related with the structural-and mechanical-glass transition measured by conventional DSC linear-heating and thermal-mechanical analysis (i.e, Differential Thermal Mechanical Analysis, DMTA). Initial slope of the thermal relaxation curve (i.e., heat flow versus relaxation time) was determined and it was plotted as a function of relaxation temperature (i.e., isothermal condition). The initial slope-temperature graph showed three thermal relaxation characteristics: limited mobile, freely mobile and restricted mobile regions. The region 1 showed limited molecular mobility with increasing temperature, while region 2 showed free mobility with increasing temperature sensitivity. The intersection of the regions 1 and 2 was related to the structuralglass transition measured by conventional linear-heating in a DSC. The region 3 showed restricted mobility due to enhanced interactions of the phases at higher temperature. This region 3 was related to the entangled flow region measured by thermal-mechanical analysis in a DMTA.