Strain sensors have spread at present times, and their electrical resistance has been interpreted. In reality, the use of strain sensors has broadened the reach of technology and allowed us to track changes in the environment in various ways. In recent years, due to their distinctive properties, films based on advanced carbon nanomaterials have started applying sophistication sensing. The strength of the tailored material has been obtained in addition to the various functions applied to these nanomaterials due to the particular structure of the nanomaterials. A prime catalyst for developing nanoscale sensors was this excellent feature. Carbon nanomaterials-based films have been increasing widely due to the excellent properties of nanocomposite-based films for sensing applications (piezoelectric application). There is also an instinctive structure of nanomaterials so that the material is high. Carbon nanomaterials such as graphene are now an excellent alternative for the production of sensors for thermal, electric and mechanical reading.

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The PVA-G-Ag nanocomposite have been synthesized effectively by pulsed laser ablation liquid (PLAL) as a considered to be environmentally friendly and free of residues from chemical reactions. The high excellence silver plate (99.99%) and graphite plate (99.99%) was immersed in the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution and irradiated with the Nd-YAG laser at wavelength 1064 nm, power 160 mJ for the silver plate and 80mJ for graphite plate, reiteration rate 6 Hz, 10 ns pulse width and 300 pules for graphite plate and 700 pulse for silver plate. The pure of PVA, PVA-Graphene and PVA-Graphene-Ag nanocomposite were investigated using UV-VIS spectroscopy, FTIR and SEM. The absorption spectra of PVA-Graphene-Ag nanocomposite show the presence of two peaks one 0.4 at 272 and second 0.47 at 403 nm. The optical energy gap (Eg) decreased from 5eV of a pure PVA to 4.6eV of a PVA-G-Ag for indirect allowed transition and therefore, decreased from 4.4eV of a pure PVA to 4.1eV of a PVA-G-Ag for indirect forbidden transition. The transmittance and absorption coefficient have been determined. The SEM images confirmed that homogenous composite without aggregation of the components. The average size of nanoparticles of GNPs and AgNPs for PVA-G and PVA-G-Ag nanocomposite was 130 and 115 nm respectively. The FTIR has demonstrated that the connection between the graphene, silver and polymer network was enough to have stable nanocomposite. This investigation demonstrates that the pulse laser ablation decent instrument to decorated metals on the graphene with the presence of the polymer.

The ability to modify and shape the surface of polymer and composite materials is crucial for a number of biological and electronics applications. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) and graphene are two-dimensional materials that have distinctive electrical and optical properties that are useful in many optoelectronic applications. The latest applications of graphene∕MoS 2 , as well as heterostructure manufacturing, properties, and applications, are discussed. Heterostructured materials, as opposed to single-component materials, are designed to provide additional functionality or flexibility. Our study focuses on their unique traits and capabilities, as well as applications, notably in the field of photodetector technology.

.The nanocomposite, poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT)–graphene/molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), was for the first time fabricated by the pulse laser ablation (PLA) method with different numbers of laser pulses deposited onto a porous silicon (PSi) substrate using the drop-casting technique. Nanocrystalline PSi films are prepared by electrochemical etching of a P-type silicon wafer. The optical properties, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and photodetector properties were studied. Optical measurements confirmed that the energy gap decreases from 2.03 to 1.87 eV with the increasing number of laser pulses for graphene and MoS2. This decrease in the energy gap was attributed to the increase in graphene and its combination with molybdenum. Due to the higher electrical conductivity of the hybrid material, the MoS2 leads to reduce the band gap. From the TEM images, it was found that the average size of the particles was between 3.1 and 20.8 nm depending on increasing the number of laser pulses for both graphene and MoS2 with hemispherical particle shapes. The Ag  /  PSi  /  P3HT  −  G  /  MoS2  /  Ag photodetector was fabricated for all samples prepared to characterize the effect of laser pulses number for graphene and MoS2 on the photodetector performance. The maximum value of the specific response, specific detection, and quantum efficiency was 0.35  A  /  W, 5.1  ×  1012  cm Hz1/2 W  −  1, and 49.2% at 900 nm due to the absorption edge of silicon around 0.23  A  /  W, 3.3  ×  1012  cm Hz1/2 W  −  1, and 38.9% at 760 nm due to the absorption edge of P3HT  −  G  /  MoS2 NPS. The results indicate that the PLA method successfully fabricated the P3HT  −  G  /  MoS2 nanocomposites and that the resulting product exhibited high values in responsivity, detectivity, and quantum efficiency. Additionally, it appears that the nanocomposites may have enhanced the same parameters of the PSi photodetector.

In this study, we fabricated a composite of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with molybdenum disulfide (MoS[Formula: see text] using the laser ablation method for the first time, with different energy levels of 100, 300 and 500[Formula: see text]mJ. The structural, optical and thermal properties of the composite were investigated using various characterization techniques. The UV–Vis spectra showed a redshift in the absorption edge with the increase in laser energy. The FTIR spectra indicated the presence of functional groups in both PEG and MoS2, and the characteristic peaks of both components were observed. The refractive index of the composite was found to decrease with an increase in laser energy. TEM images revealed the presence of rod-like and spherical particles with different sizes. The energy gap of the composite was also found to decrease with an increase in laser energy. The high absorption of the composite in the near-visible and visible regions allowed the photodiode to detect light with high sensitivity and accuracy. It is showing that the forward bias current of ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Amp) is still relatively low and further optimization of the photodiode design and materials could lead to even higher current values and improved performance. These results suggest that the laser energy has a significant effect on the properties of the PEG–MoS2 composite. The obtained results demonstrate that the PEG–MoS2 composite has potential applications in various fields, including solar cells and drug delivery systems.

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In this study, an easy and a rapid method has been used to prepare nanoparticles employing the laser ablation technique in Double Distilled Deionized Water (DDDW). Lasers with three different have been used. The laser ablation of a (Au core @ Ag shell) system shows the best ablation at wavelengths of 1064 and 355 nm in DDDW solution with resulting Grain size less than (20 nm).This is the best result for obtaining the size near Quantum Dot (Q.D.) of the Ag @ Au NPS system. The TEM, AFM and statistical distribution of Grain size have been used to analysis morphological properties. The absorption peak shows IR shift for Au @ Ag system, that leads to growth large grains. This indicates that Ag-shell more effective than Au-core at (532,355) nm wavelengths. Some of the optical parameters, such as refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k), have been calculated for the prepared nanoparticles collide. TEM shows the formation (Core -Shell) clearly, and the form of NPs can almost have a spherical shape with size < 20 nm. The gold (Au-shell) is more effective than Ag-core.The colloidal nanoparticles have been used as in biological applications to kill or inhibit E. coli and Staph bacteria.