Hair straitening products are widely used by hairstylists. Many keratin-based hair smoothing products contain formaldehyde. This study aimed to investigate occupational formaldehyde exposure among hairstylists dealing with hair straightening products and the relation between genotoxicity biomarkers and the short-term formaldehyde exposure concentrations and the working years. The study was carried out in Cairo, Egypt on 60 hairstylists use hair straightening products divided into two groups according to the working years. All hairstylists were subjected to micronucleus (MN) frequencies in both epithelial buccal cells (EBC) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Fifteen-minute (min) formaldehyde exposure concentrations were measured at workplace during hair straightening procedure. Fifteen-minute formaldehyde concentrations in both groups exceeded the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist thresholds levels. The MN frequencies in EBC and PBL showed a significant increase in group II in comparison to control and group I, which in turn showed a significant increase in MN frequency in PBL and a nonsignificant increase in the MN frequency in EBC when compared to control. A positive correlation was found between genotoxicity biomarkers and working years. Occupational exposures to hair straightening products in the studied hairstylist were found to expose them to formaldehyde concentrations that exceeded the standard limits. All selected genotoxicity biomarkers showed a significant increase in exposed workers and were positively correlated to the duration of exposure.
Introduction:Voodoo is a mixture of herbs and spices that are sprayed with a synthetic compound that mimics the effects of Cannabis. The widespread over-the-counter availability of these products made these compounds the 2 nd most common frequently used recreational drug after marijuana in teenagers and young adults. This study aimed to investigate the sub chronic toxic effects of Voodoo (Voodoo abuse) on the central nervous system (CNS) in adult male albino rats.Methodology: thirty adult male albino rats were divided into three equal groups; negative control group, positive control group, and Voodoo extract treated group. Behavioral tests, neurotransmitter concentration in brain tissues and histopathological examination of brain tissues were performed.Results: general activity changes, significant decrease in food intake, feces formation and weight gain were reported between control and Voodoo treated group. The behavioral Y maze test revealed significant inhibition of the spontaneous alternation while, locomotor activity and rotarod test revealed significant inhibition of the neuromuscular coordinative function. The neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline) assaying in the brain tissues of Voodoo treated group revealed significant decrease. These neurological changes were supported by the histopathological findings in the form of shrunken cells with dense nuclei and vacuolated cytoplasm in addition to the positive cytoplasmic immunoreaction for caspase -3 in the brain tissues.Conclusion: Voodoo extract was found to have a functional and structural deleterious CNS effect with sub chronic exposure in adult male albino rats.
Introduction: acute methanol poisoning is one of the most important poisonings among people with low socioeconomic classes who may consume illegal alcoholic beverages as it is cheap and available causing high morbidity and mortality especially in case of delayed diagnosis or treatment. This study aimed to characterize the risk factors related to mortality in patients presenting with suspected methanol poisoning and to detect the efficacy of using the GCS scoring system for prediction of mortality in these patients and identifying critically poisoned patients of high risk that need rapid and aggressive treatment. Subjects and Methods: a prospective observational study on 51 patients with acute methanol poisoning was reported at Ain-Shams poison control center-Egypt from April 2015 to April 2017. Patients were divided according to their outcome into two groups: livings and dead. Results: Hypotension, acute respiratory failure, pulmonary edema and CGS score were significantly associated with mortality. When assessing the risk factors significantly associated with mortality according to their priority; pH ≤ 6.79 was the most important parameter followed by GCS score ≤7 and pCO2 ≥31.88 mmHg. There was a negative correlation between pCO2 and pH in dead. The observed mortality was not significantly different from the predicted mortality determined by GCS scoring system. Conclusion: Hypotension, acute respiratory failure, pulmonary edema and CGS are robust markers of mortality along with pH ≤6.79, GCS score ≤7 and pCO2 ≥31.88 mmHg. GCS scoring system could be predictive for mortality in high risk patients.
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