The security of information is necessary for the success of any system. So, there is a need to have a robust mechanism to ensure the verification of any person before allowing him to access the stored data. So, for purposes of increasing the security level and privacy of users against attacks, cancelable biometrics can be utilized. The principal objective of cancelable biometrics is to generate new distorted biometric templates to be stored in biometric databases instead of the original ones. This paper presents effective methods based on different discrete transforms, such as Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), in addition to matrix rotation to generate cancelable biometric templates, in order to meet revocability and prevent the restoration of the original templates from the generated cancelable ones. Rotated versions of the images are generated in either spatial or transform domains and added together to eliminate the ability to recover the original biometric templates. The cancelability performance is evaluated and tested through extensive simulation results for all proposed methods on a different face and fingerprint datasets. Low Equal Error Rate (EER) values with high AROC values reflect the efficiency of the proposed methods, especially those dependent on DCT and DFrFT. Moreover, a comparative study is performed to evaluate the proposed method with all transformations to select the best one from the security perspective. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is carried out to test the performance of the proposed schemes with the existing schemes. The obtained outcomes reveal the efficiency of the proposed cancelable biometric schemes by introducing an average AROC of 0.998, EER of 0.0023, FAR of 0.008, and FRR of 0.003.

No abstract

Query by Image Content (QBIC), subsequently known as Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) systems, may offer a more advantageous solution in a variety of applications, including medical, meteorological, search by image, and others. Such systems primarily use similarity matching algorithms to compare image content to get their relevance from databases. They are essentially measuring the spatial distance between extracted visual features from a query image and their correspondence in the dataset. One of the most challenging query retrieval problems is Facial Sketched-Real Image Retrieval (FSRIR), which is content similarity matching based. These facial retrieving systems are employed in a variety of contexts, including criminal justice. The difficulties of retrieving such sorts come from the composition of the human face and its distinctive parts. In addition, the comparison between these images is made from two different domains. Besides, to our knowledge, there is a rare existence of large-scale facial datasets that can be used to evolve the performance of the retrieving system. The success of the retrieval process is governed by the method used to calculate similarity and the efficient representation of compared images. However, by effectively representing visual features, the main challenge-posing component of such approaches might be resolved. Hence, this paper has several contributions that fill the research gap in content-based similarity matching and retrieving as follows: 1) The first contribution is extending the Chinese University Face Sketch (CUFS) dataset by including augmented images, introducing to the community a novel dataset named Extended Sketched-Real Image Retrieval (ESRIR). The CUFS dataset has been extended from 100 images to include 53,000 facial sketches and 53,000 real facial images. 2) The paper's second contribution is proposing three new algorithms for sketched-real image retrieving based on convolutional autoencoder, Infogan, and Vision Transformer unsupervised models for large datasets. 3) Furthermore, to meet the subjective demands of the users because of the prevalence of multiple query formats. The third contribution of this paper is to train and assess the proposed algorithms across two additional facial datasets of various image sorts. 4) Recently, the majority of people have preferred searching for brand logo images, but it may be tricky to separate certain brand logo features from their alternatives and even from other features in an image. Thus, the fourth contribution is to compare logo image retrieval performance based on visual features derived from each of the three suggested retrieving systems. 5) The paper also proposes cloud-based energysaving and computational complexity approaches in large-scale datasets. Due to the ubiquity of touchscreen devices, users often make drawings based on their fantasies for certain object image searches. Thus, the proposed algorithms were tested and assessed on a tough dataset of doodle-scratched human artworks. They are also studied for a...

In this paper, we present hybrid watermarking and error control techniques for reliable cornea and infrared frame communication through wireless networks in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In the proposed watermarking technique, two stages of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) watermarking are used. In the embedding stage, two watermark images are embedded in either the cornea or infrared frames using Block-based SVD (B-SVD) and SVD schemes, respectively. Then, the resulting watermarked cornea or infrared frames are transmitted through an erroneous wireless channel. At the receiver, the received corrupted cornea or infrared frames are recovered using a proposed hybrid post-processing error control technique. This technique comprises a Circular Spatial-scan Order Interpolation Algorithm (CSOIA) and a temporal Partitioning Motion Compensation Algorithm (PMCA) to reconstruct the erroneous cornea or infrared frames. Then, the Bayesian Kalman Filter (BKF) is utilized in the amelioration process due to its efficiency to smooth the remanent inherent corruptions in the formerly reconstructed frames to obtain high cornea or infrared video quality. After that, the watermark extraction stage is implemented to extract the watermark images from the watermarked frames. Simulation results on several cornea and infrared frames show that the suggested hybrid watermarking, and error control techniques reveal adequate subjective and objective video quality compared to those obtained with the traditional methods. In addition, the watermark detectability, robustness, and security are enhanced. Moreover, the experimental results show that the proposed watermarking technique is superior and more secure than the other previous techniques for embedding and extraction of watermarks, efficiently, in the presence of attacks.

No abstract