IntroductionUne étude transversale et descriptive qui vise l'identification des facteurs de risques associés au déficit en G6PD, sa fréquence et sa distribution géographique à Nouakchott dans l'objectif de fournir des informations utiles pour le contrôler. Comme cette maladie n'a jamais été étudiée auparavant en Mauritanie, nous avons cherché à définir le profil épidémiologique et la charge de morbidité du déficit en G6PD chez une population de nouveaux nés dans deux structures de santé de la ville de Nouakchott.MéthodesCette étude a été conduite dans deux hôpitaux de Nouakchott, le Centre Hospitalier Mère-Enfant et le Centre de Santé de Sebkha entre (Août - Octobre, 2015). Elle a concerné un échantillon de 523 nouveau-nés de sexes différents. Le dépistage a été fait à laide de BinaxNow G6PD Test, suivi d'une confirmation quantitative pour les cas positifs. L'analyse statistique a été réalisée par SPSS20.RésultatsLe déficit en G6PD était plus élevé chez les nouveau-nés de sexe masculin (15% vs 7% P = 0,007) et particulièrement chez les enfants d'ethnie noire (15% vs 8 % P = 0,001). La prévalence du phénotype déficient en G6PD dans la population étudiée est 11,09% (58/523).ConclusionLa présente étude est, à notre connaissance, la première de son genre sur le déficit en G6PD chez la population mauritanienne. Elle fournit des informations importantes sur le caractère épidémiologique du déficit en G6PD dans la région de Nouakchott. Elle relève une variabilité dans l'apparition de G6PD au niveau des groupes ethniques.
Background: Hemoglobinopathies, inherited disorders of hemoglobin (Hb), are the most common hereditary monogenic diseases of the red cell in the world. Few studies have been conducted on hemoglobinopathies in Mauritania. Therefore, the aim of this work is to establish the molecular and epidemiological basis of hemoglobinopathies in a cohort of Mauritanian patients and to determine the haplotype of the βglobin gene cluster in sickle cell subjects. Methods:The molecular screening of Hb disorders in 40 Mauritanian patients was done by a polymerase-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for the sickle cell disease (SCD) mutation, a PCR/sequencing method for βthalassemia mutations, and by the multiplex polymerase chain reaction method for the αthalassemia. The exploration of eight polymorphic sites (SNPs) within the βglobin gene cluster was conducted by PCR/RFLP method, to identify the HbS haplotypes from the sickle cell subjects. Results:The epidemiological study of our patients showed a high incidence in the Senegal River area (52.5%) and a high ethnic prevalence for the Heratin (47.5%) and the Pular (35%). Molecular study allowed us to identify eight different mutations in our sample analyzed. They are respectively: HbS (HBB:c.20A>T) (68.75%), Cd44 -C (HBB:c.135delC) (8.75%), −29A>G (HBB:c.-79A>G) (4.8%), −α-3.7 (g.34164_37967del3804) (3.75%), IVS-II-849A>G (HBB:c.316-2A>G) (2.25%) and Cd24T>A (HBB:c.75T>A), Hb Siirt (HBB:c.83C>G) and HbC (HBB:c.19G>A) each with (1.25%). Six different haplotypes are being explored among the SCD subjects with the Senegal haplotype as the most prevalent (66.7%), followed by Benin (10%), Arab-Indians (6.7%), Bantu (3.3%), and two atypical haplotypes. Conclusion:Our findings enrich the epidemiological data in our population and could contribute to the establishment of a strategy of prevention and management through screening, genetic counseling, and prenatal diagnosis of Hemoglobinopathies in the Mauritanian population.
Background: Hepatitis B is one of the major public health concerns worldwide. In Mauritania, its prevalence in the general population is very high. The hepatitis D virus (HDV) borrows the envelope from the hepatitis B virus (HBV) during its infectious cycle. We thus observe co-infections during which the two viruses are acquired simultaneously and superinfections by HDV in patients who are already chronic carriers of the B virus. Objective: to assess the prevalence of HBV and HDV infection Material and Methods: this is a prospective descriptive study, conducted from January 1 to November 30, 2017 in the two medical analysis laboratories in Nouakchott. Patients were included: all patients of both sexes and of all ages carrying HBsAg presenting to the two medical analysis laboratories during this period. Results: in 1 month, 211 patients with HBsAg were notified out of a total of 1675 patients screened, i.e. a prevalence of 12.59%. HBV/HDV co-infection is 31.30%. The average age was 36 years with extremes [8 and 66]. The male/female sex ratio was 1.45. The mean HBV viral load was 2.68 ± 1.31 log IU/ml [range: 478.63 IU/ml ± 20.41]. The majority (94.9%) of patients were HBeAg negative. Conclusion: HBV/HDV co-infection remains very high in our country. This study indicates that the significant morbidity of the two viruses associated with limited knowledge of the mode of transmission, constitute factors of vulnerability.
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