Palpable masses in head and neck are a common clinical finding, affecting all age groups. These lumps may be extremely worrying for both physician and patient, as a wide variety of pathological conditions. Accurate cytological analysis has played a major role in evaluation and planning for surgery. We attempted to evaluate the role of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) in diagnosing lesions of the head and neck region and to review the diversity of lesions in the patients attending the hospital. The study was conducted retrospectively in the department of pathology at College of Medical Sciences- Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal a tertiary health care centre. The target population comprised patients presenting with palpable masses at head and neck region during the period of February 2007 to December 2009. The accuracy of FNAC was verified by histological examination in this final study group of (n=125) patients. In these (n=125) patients, twenty five were males and hundred were females. Thyroid gland (60%) was the commonest site aspirated, followed by lymph node (20%), salivary gland (16%) and soft tissue lesions (4%). In our study the sensitivity was 87.5%, the specificity was 100%, the positive predictive value was 100%, the negative predictive value was 98.26% and false negatives were 12.5%. We concluded that FNAC is a safe, cost-effective, sensitive and specific technique in the initial evaluation of head and neck masses. A correct cytological diagnosis can be achieved in a majority of cases, avoiding the need for surgical interventions. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-6,No-4, 19-25 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v6i4.6721
Histoid leprosy is an uncommon variant of lepromatous leprosy with characteristic clinical, immunologic and bacteriologic finding. Histoid leprosy can be eliminated by early diagnosis and complete treatment. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-6,No-4, 76-78 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v6i4.6733
Aspiration of serous cavities is a simple and relatively non-invasive technique to achieve a diagnosis. The information provided by body fluid analysis serves several functions; it is a complete diagnostic modality which aims at pointing out the etiology of effusion as well as in certain cases, a means of prognostication of the disease process. The diagnostic performance of the cytological study of the fluid may be attributable to the fact that the cell population present in sediment. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the role of pleural fluid analysis in establishing the cause of pleural effusion. A retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur from July 2008 to July 2010. Two hundred samples of pleural fluid were examined for total cell count, cell type and cellular features along with biochemical study to find out the level of protein, glucose and chloride. In two hundred samples, 80% were exudative and 20% were transudative. Cirrhosis and congestive cardiac failure were commonest causative factors in transudatives. The cases of Tuberculosis were predominant in exudatives followed by malignancies. In the samples from all the tuberculosis patients, lymphocytes were the predominant cell type. Most of malignant effusions were exudatives. The primary site could be assessed by cytological examination in more than fifty percent of cases. The present study demonstrates that the most useful test in establishing the diagnosis of pleural effusion is pleural fluid analysis which includes mainly its cytology and cell count. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-6,No-4, 36-45 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v6i4.6724
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