Potato is an important food and cash crop in eastern Ethiopia including Oda Bultum District. However, there is no information on the role of blended NPSB fertilizer required to produce tuber yield and tuber quality traits. A field experiment was conducted in Oda Bultum District, under rainfed during 2018 cropping season, with the objectives of assessing the effects of blended NPSB fertilizer rates on yield-related traits and tuber yield of potato varieties and to estimate the cost-benefit of the application of blended NPSB fertilizer in potato production. The treatments consisted of two potato varieties (Bubu and Gudanie) and six rates of NPSB (0, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg NPSB ha -1 ) fertilizer. The experiment was laid out as a Randomized Complete Block Design in a 6 x 2 factorial arrangement and replicated three times. Analysis of variance revealed that the two main factors; blended NPSB and variety had a significant effect on all traits except that fertilizer and variety had a non-significant effect on days to 50% emergence. Interaction of blended NPSB fertilizer and variety had a significant effect on total tuber number/hill, average tuber weight, total and marketable tuber yields (t ha -1 ). Gudanie variety emerged, flowered and matured earlier than Bubu. Early flowering of the crop was observed in a plot which did not receive fertilizer while the application of NPSB fertilizer delayed flowering and maturity of plants that received highest rates NPSB fertilizer (200, 250 and 300 kg ha -1 ). The highest total tuber number hill -1 (16.00) was obtained from Gudanie variety at the application of 200 kg ha -1 NPSB fertilizer. The highest proportion of small size tubers were obtained from plots than received no fertilizer while the largest proportion of large size tubers were obtained from plots that received 200, 250 and 300 kg ha -1 NPSB fertilizer. The highest total and marketable tuber yields of 30.55 and 27.22 t ha -1 , respectively were obtained from Gudanie variety with the application of 200 kg ha -1 NPSB fertilizer. Gudanie had a significantly higher specific gravity (1.085g/cm 3 ), tuber dry matter (21.98%) and starch content (15.82%) while plants produced tubers with highest specific gravity, tuber dry matter and starch content due to the application of 200 kg ha -1 NPSB fertilizer. Moreover, the highest net benefit of 116,330.24 Birr ha -1 with 4066% marginal rate of return were obtained from growing of Gudanie variety with the application of 200 kg ha -1 NPSB plus 100 kg ha -1 urea fertilizer that could be recommended for production of potato in the study area.
Hot Pepper is an important food and cash crop in eastern Ethiopia including Daro labu and Boke Districts of West Hararghe Zone. A field experiment was conducted in Daro labu and Boke Districts, under rainfed during 2016-2017 cropping season, with the objectives of to determine the influence of NP fertilizers rates and method of planting on the yield and yield components of hot pepper and to estimate the cost-benefit of application fertilize rates and planting method in hot pepper production. Mareko fana variety, which is the dominant hot pepper variety produced in the area was used as planting material for the study, The treatments consisted of five combined rates of Nitrogen and phosphorus (0/0, 41/46, 61/69, 82/92 and 102/115 kg level of N/P 2 O 5 ha-1) and three methods of planting (broadcasting, drilling and transplanting method) were used. The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design in a 5 x 3 factorial arrangement and replicated three times. From the combined analysis of variance over the location, the result revealed that the two main factors fertilizer rates and planting method had a significant effect on all traits, except that fertilizer and planting method had a non-significant effect on fruit diameter, from interaction effect of fertilizer rates and planting methods, the highest mean of plant height (64.24cm), canopy diameter (44.15cm) and fruit number (26.70) per plant were obtained from 102/115kg N/P ha-1 in combined with drilling planting method. The highest fruit length (9.33cm), diameter (3.92), weight (2.82 gm), marketable (2.05t/ha) and total yield (2.26 t/ha) were recorded from plots that received 102/115 kg N/P ha-1 fertilizers combined with drilling planting method, while the lowest dry pod yield (0.55t/ha) was obtained from plot received control 0/0 kg NP ha-1 combined with transplanting method. While the highest unmarketable fruit yield (0.42 t/ha) was recorded from control (0/0) with the broadcasting method. Moreover, Partial budget analysis result has shown that application of 102/115 kg N/P ha-1 fertilizer rate with combined with drilling planting method was found to be economically viable with net income 71572.25 of Birr ha-1 with 265.28% marginal rate of return was obtained from the application of 102/115 kg N/P ha-1 fertilizer rate combined with drilling sowing method. Therefore, it could be recommended for the production of hot pepper crops in the study area and similar agro ecology.
Sweet potato is an important food crop in Eastern Ethiopia, including the West Hararghe Zone. However, the area is still far behind in attaining the required optimum productivity of Sweet potato, this is due to biotic and abiotic factors, inappropriate Agronomic practices and lack of improved variety, to tackle these problems; variety improvement research is the major one. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to estimate the magnitudes of genotype, environment, and genotype by environment interaction effects on Sweet potato genotypes and to identify the high yielder and stable genotypes for wide adaptability in West Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia. The experiment was carried out at two locations (Mechara on station and Habro district) in three consecutive years (2018–2020) on 20 Sweet potato genotypes using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Additive main effects and multiplicative interactions analysis (AMMI) indicated that the yield performances of genotypes were under the major environmental effects of genotype by environmental interactions. The first two principal component axes (PCA 1 and 2) were significant (p≤0.01) and cumulatively contributed to 73% of the total genotype by environment interaction. In GGE bi-plot analysis using genotypic and environmental scores of the first PCA 1 and lower PCA 2 scores gave high yields (stable genotypes), and genotypes with lower PCA 1 and larger PCA 2 scores had low yields (unstable genotypes), as in the sites tested. Besides, genotypes G3 and G5 were stable across tested locations and gave higher total root yields (43.94t ha-1 and 49.34 t ha-1), respectively). However, G5 was recommended for possible release for wide adaptability in West Hararghe Zone and similar agro-ecology in the country. Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. 10(1): 43-52
Hot pepper is the dominant vegetable crop grown in different parts of Ethiopia with long history of cultivation and considerable genetic diversity for most important morphological traits. The study was undertaken to genetic variability and association among yield and yield related traits in the hot pepper. Analysis of variance revealed that there were a significant (P < 0.05) differences in genetic variation among genotypes for all morphological and fruit characters. The genotypic coefficient of variation ranged from 16.4–63.3% and phenotypic coefficients of variation ranged from 17.3–86.8%. All traits except fruit diameter showed highest genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficients of variation. This indicates the presence of slight environmental influence to some degree in the phenotypic expression of the characters and it implies that the existence of substantial variability for such characters and selection may be effective based on these characters. The broad sense heritability values ranged from 53.3–99.4% whereas genetic advance as percent of mean was estimated in the ranged from 31.7–93.0%. Accordingly, both broad sense heritability and genetic advance were high for plant height, fruit number per plant, fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit diameter, and marketable yield. Hot pepper yield had positive and significant genotypic and phenotypic correlations with fruit weight, fruit length, fruit number per plants, unmarketable and marketable yield. Plant height, fruit diameter, fruit weight, fruit length, marketable yield, and unmarketable yield had positive direct effect in hot pepper yields at both genotypic and phenotypic levels.
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