The purpose of this article is to locate the pedagogical notion of scaffolding within the field of sports coaching. The aim, however, is not only to present scaffolding as a wide-ranging rhetorical concept, but as a definitive perspective by which to better manage coaching's uncertain nature. Following an introduction, a review of the development and current conceptualisation of scaffolding is undertaken, inclusive of its connection to socio-cultural theory. Subsequently, drawing on current research, examples of how and where coaching practice can be scaffolded from macro, meso and micro perspectives are presented. Finally, a reflective conclusion summarises the main points made and outlines implications for future coaching and coach education.

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The purpose of this position paper is to promote the interest, usefulness and specificity of a coherent system that is based on psychophenomenology as a theoretical framework (Vermersch, 2012), and the explicitation interview (Vermersch, 2009) as an appropriate and original method for studying the subjective lived experience of participants in sport situations. This original approach is associated with an epistemological posture which accords significant importance to the first-person point of view (i.e. what is appearing to a person about his own subjective lived experience in a past situation). After presenting some limitations in other phenomenological approaches and interview methods, we present the specificity of the theoretical background and the method of explicitation interview, for describing in detail the actions and understanding of the lived experience of a person in a past and singular situation. To demonstrate the potential of this approach, we provide two specific examples of explicitation interview data from an in-match player decision-making situation and an in-game half-time speech of a coach. In concluding, we contend that psychophenomenology and the explicitation interview present new perspectives and opportunities for coach education, by developing the analysis of the subjective lived experience. This may have important implications for sport related research and the development of coaching practice and formal coach education, through closer links to real life experiences.

The current study examined the effect of rules changes on game behaviours and opinions of under-nine rugby union players. Eighty-nine games were filmed in five counties in England; two governed by the then current rules and three governed by new pilot rules. The pilot rules were designed to create a less structured game; reducing numbers on the pitch and limiting set pieces and specialised skills. Games played under the pilot rules had 25% more ball-in-play time; 55% more runs with the ball; more than twice as many successful passes; and nearly twice as many tries scored (ps < .001). 272 players participated in a survey. Irrespective of the rules, players identified that passing, running and tackling were key activities, while having fun and playing with friends were their main reasons for playing rugby. The results suggest that the pilot rules create a competitive game that closely matches child-led informal activities.